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Disruption of microtubules in plants suppresses macroautophagy and triggers starch excess-associated chloroplast autophagy.

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Microtubules, the major components of cytoskeleton, are involved in various fundamental biological processes in plants. Recent studies in mammalian cells have revealed the importance of microtubule cytoskeleton in autophagy. However, little is known about the roles of microtubules in plant

Visualization of starch-synthase expression by in situ hybridization during pollen development.

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The expression of the starch-synthase gene was studied by in situ RNA hybridization at different stages of pollen development in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). By means of Northern blot analysis we demonstrated that a potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) gene was homologous to its tobacco counterpart,

Alteration of the Amount of the Chloroplast Phosphate Translocator in Transgenic Tobacco Affects the Distribution of Assimilate between Starch and Sugar.

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Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) transformed with sense and antisense constructs of a cDNA encoding the tobacco phosphate-triose phosphate-3-phosphoglycerate translocator (phosphate translocator) were shown to contain altered amounts of phosphate translocator mRNA and protein. Phosphate

NTRC and Thioredoxin f Overexpression Differentially Induces Starch Accumulation in Tobacco Leaves.

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Thioredoxin (Trx) f and NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C (NTRC) have both been proposed as major redox regulators of starch metabolism in chloroplasts. However, little is known regarding the specific role of each protein in this complex mechanism. To shed light on this point, tobacco plants that were

Role of mitochondria in the origin of chloroplast starch grains: description of the phenomenon.

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By phase microscopic observation of living palisade parenchyma cells in sections of Nicotiana excelsior leaves from plants previously placed in the dark for 72 hours, 30 to 45 minutes of light is found to induce mitochondria to remain stationary within the concavity of the chloroplasts and become

Auxin and cytokinin have opposite effects on amyloplast development and the expression of starch synthesis genes in cultured bright yellow-2 tobacco cells.

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In cultured Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells, the depletion of auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in the culture medium induces the accumulation of starch. This is accelerated by the addition of cytokinin (benzyladenine). Light and electron microscopic observations

Influence of Elevated Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate Levels on Starch Mobilization in Transgenic Tobacco Leaves in the Dark.

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The aim of this work was to study the effect of elevated fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-bisP) levels on carbohydrate metabolism in leaves in the dark. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines containing mammalian 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity there is an inverse relationship

Influence of starch deficiency on photosynthetic and post-photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionations.

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Carbon isotope (13C) fractionations occurring during and after photosynthetic CO2 fixation shape the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant material and respired CO2. However, responses of 13C fractionations to diel variation in starch metabolism in the leaf are not fully understood. Here we

Potato granule-bound starch synthase promoter-controlled GUS expression: regulation of expression after transient and stable transformation.

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Chimaeric genes of promoter sequences from the potato gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) and the beta-glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene were used to study GBSS expression and regulation. Analysis of stable transformants revealed that a GBSS promoter sequence of 0.4 kb was sufficient

Reduced gravitropic sensitivity in roots of a starch-deficient mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris.

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Gravitropism was studied in seedlings of Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. et Comes wild-type (WT) and mutant NS 458 which has a defective plastid phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1.). Starch was greatly reduced in NS 458 compared to the WT, but small amounts of starch were detected in rootcap columella cells

Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells; effects of plant hormones on multiplication, size, and starch content.

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In BY-2 cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L.), depletion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and addition of benzyladenine (BA) caused amyloplast formation, a decrease in cell multiplication, and an increase in cell size. These changes were primarily triggered by the depletion of

Isolation and expression of a novel starch-storing cell-specific gene containing the KH RNA binding domain from tobacco-cultured cells BY-2.

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In cultured Bright Yellow-2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells, the depletion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the culture medium induces amyloplast development. This differentiation also includes a decrease in cell multiplication, and an increase in cell size. These changes were

Tobacco cells transformed with the fission yeast Spcdc25 mitotic inducer display growth and morphological characteristics as well as starch and sugar status evocable by cytokinin application.

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In plants, the G2/M control of cell cycle remains an elusive issue as doubts persist about activatory dephosphorylation--in other eukaryotes provided by CDC25 phosphatase and serving as a final all-or-nothing mitosis regulator. We report on the effects of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Samsun)

Agrobacterium-derived cytokinin influences plastid morphology and starch accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana during transient assays.

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BACKGROUND Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based transient assays have become a common tool for answering questions related to protein localization and gene expression in a cellular context. The use of these assays assumes that the transiently transformed cells are observed under relatively authentic

Functional links between microtubules, autophagy and leaf starch degradation in plants.

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Mounting evidence suggests that microtubules play important roles in several aspects of autophagy in mammalian cells, such as autophagosome biogenesis, autophagosome trafficking and autolysosome formation. However, little research attention has been paid to the engagement of microtubules in plant

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