Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp before and after 8 weeks supervised exercise training. Before exercise training the participants will also do an "acute exercise" on 1 hour with muscle biopsies taken before and after exercise and then again 4 hours into recovery.

Type2 Diabetes

Insulin Resistance

Due to biological gender differences, our study does not make it possible to make direct comparisons of data between men and women.
If we had chosen female project participants rather than male, we would also have to take into account whether they were pre- or postmenopausal as well as in the former case where they were in the menstrual cycle during the clamp studies.

Acute exercise

Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital

Abnormalities in the Effects of Insulin and Exercise on Glucose- and Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Metabolic and Molecular Abnormalities in Response to Insulin and Exercise in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Determined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp before and after 8-weeks exercise training

Measurements of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fiber using a high-resolution respirometer

TaqMan gene expression assays for all relevant genes

Protein abundance and phosphorylation of all enzymes of interest will be studied in human skeletal muscle and fat biopsies by Western blotting and quantified by densitometry in arbitrary units.

Studies of genes and enzymes involved in the regulation of lipid droplets and their morphology and interaction with mitochondria in muscle biopsies determined by gene expression, Westen blotting and transmission electron microscopy (immunogold-labelling), all measured in arbitrary units

Determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting

Determined before and after 8-weeks exercise training by a graded maximal test on a cycle ergometer using indirect calorimetry.

Determined before and after 8-weeks exercise training by a DXA-scan.

Determined by blood tests before and after 8-weeks exercise training

Maria Houborg Petersen

MD, PhD student

Odense University Hospital

Department of Sports Science, University of Southern Denmark

After the run-in period, volunteers will receive casein supplementation (15 % of energy intake) for 3 weeks.

After the run-in period, volunteers will receive soy protein supplementation (15 % of energy intake) for 3 weeks.

After the run-in period, volunteers will receive maltodextrin supplementation (15 % of energy intake) for 3 weeks.

Overweight

Healthy

casein supplementation

soy protein supplementation

maltodextrin supplementation

Effects of High Protein Diet on the Large Intestine in Overweight Humans

Gene expression in biopsies collected before (baseline) and after 3 week dietary intervention will be measured by transcriptomic analyses. Differential gene expression will be expressed as relative units (fold change).

Microbiota composition will be analysed in stool samples before (baseline) and after 3 week dietary intervention using metagenomic analyses and will be expressed as bacterial relative abundance.

Fecal water metabolites will be analysed in stool samples before (baseline) and after 3 week dietary intervention using RMN analyses and will be expressed as metabolites relative abundance.

succinate/obezitate

Abnormalities in the Effects of Insulin and Exercise on Glucose- and Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of High Protein Diet on the Large Intestine in Overweight Humans

Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Changes During Exposure to Cold Temperatures

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