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Tonic sympathetic nervous system inhibition of insulin secretion is diminished in obese Zucker rats.

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It has long been known that the central nervous system (CNS) directly affects pancreatic insulin release. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the CNS on pancreatic insulin release in three-month-old female lean (Fa/Fa) and hyperinsulinemic obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Chloral hydrate

Obesity attenuates formalin-induced tonic pain in British Angora rabbits.

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Obesity is known to alter various physiological parameters including the pain sensitivity. There are conflicting reports on the pain sensitivity in obesity. In this context, the present study was aimed to investigate the tonic pain response in obese rabbit model. To achieve this aim, two groups of

Tonic hyper-connectivity of reward neurocircuitry in obese children.

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OBJECTIVE Obese children demonstrate less activation in prefrontal regions associated with self-control and inhibition when presented with food cues and advertisements. This study evaluates the differences between obese and healthy weight children in resting-state functional connectivity to these

Natural hazards. Tonic or toxic? Americans are gobbling up nature's remedies for everything from obesity to depression.

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Overweight and sympathetic overactivity in black Americans.

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A large body of clinical investigation implicates an important role for the sympathetic nervous system in linking obesity with hypertension. However, the experimental support for this hypothesis is derived from strictly white cohorts. The goal of this study was to determine whether being overweight

Genioglossus muscle activity and serotonergic modulation of hypoglossal motor output in obese Zucker rats.

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Obese Zucker rats have a narrower and more collapsible upper airway compared with lean controls, similar to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Genioglossus (GG) muscle activity is augmented in awake OSA patients to compensate for airway narrowing, but the neural control of GG activity in obese

Chronic sympathetic activation: consequence and cause of age-associated obesity?

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Primary aging in adult humans is associated with a progressive, tonic activation of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The purpose of this SNS activation and its physiological impact are, however, unknown. We hypothesize that the chronic stimulation of the SNS with aging is driven in

Underlying mechanisms of atrophic state of brown adipose tissue in obese Zucker rats.

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The mechanisms involved in brown adipose tissue (BAT) atrophy in obese rats were investigated. In urethan-anesthetized adult obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) rats, colonic temperature (Tc), interscapular BAT (IBAT) temperature (TIBAT), and the TIBAT-Tc gradient were measured after microknife cut in the

Transswitching in the treatment of obesity.

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Transswitching is a variant of classical conditioning that entails the use of tonic stimuli of relatively long duration in addition to briefer, phasic stimuli which are paired or not paired with the unconditioned stimulus. The same conditioned stimulus can be conditioned to different conditioned

Prolonged intake of desloratadine: mesenteric lymphatic vessel dysfunction and development of obesity/metabolic syndrome.

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This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the prolonged intake of desloratadine, a common H1 receptor blocker (i.e. antihistamine), and development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 16 weeks with desloratadine. We analyzed the dynamics

Influences of AT1 receptor blockade on tissue metabolism in obese men.

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ANG II applied to the interstitial space influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a tissue-specific fashion. Thus endogenous ANG II may have a tonic effect on tissue metabolism that could be reversed with ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade, particularly during adrenergic stimulation. We

Altered regulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive obese Zucker rats.

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Obese Zucker rats (OZR) have elevated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with lean Zucker rats (LZR). We examined whether altered tonic glutamatergic, angiotensinergic, or GABAergic inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contribute to elevated SNA

Regulation of plasma agouti-related protein and its relationship with hunger in lean and obese men.

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Agouti-related protein (AgRP) is an orexigenic (appetite stimulating) neuropeptide suggested to exert tonic control over long-term energy balance. While some have speculated AgRP is not involved in the episodic (i.e. meal to meal energy intake) control, acute decreases in plasma agouti-related

Emotional activation of obese and normal women due to imagery and food content of verbal stimuli in a memory task.

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The aim of this study is to look for correlation between a physiological variable (skin conductance, SCL) and cognitive variables (reaction time, RT and productivity score) obtained in a memory task. Subjects were 17 females, including 7 patients and 10 controls. Patients were recruited among women

Changes in hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AGRP), but not alpha-MSH or pro-opiomelanocortin concentrations in dietary-obese and food-restricted rats.

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Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) density is thought to be regulated by synaptic availability of endogenous agonist, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and also by agouti-related protein (AGRP), which acts as a competitive antagonist. As hypothalamic MC4-R have been implicated in the

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