valine/cannabis

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Functional evaluation of carboxy metabolites of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists featuring scaffolds based on L-valine or L-tert-leucine.

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Indole- and indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), featuring valine or tert-leucine substituents, are commonly abused new psychoactive substances (NPS). A major metabolic pathway for these SCRAs is hydrolysis of the terminal amide or methylester functionalities. Although

UPLC-HR-MS/MS-based determination study on the metabolism of four synthetic cannabinoids, ADB-FUBICA, AB-FUBICA, AB-BICA and ADB-BICA, by human liver microsomes.

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Since 2012, several cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives with valine amino acid amide residue have emerged in the illicit drug market, and have gradually replaced the old generations of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) with naphthyl or adamantine groups. Among them, ADB-FUBICA

Effects of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AMB on anxiety and recognition memory in mice.

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N-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]carbonyl]-L-valine methyl ester (5F-AMB) is a synthetic cannabinoid that has been distributed recently. Although inhalation of 5F-AMB produces adverse effects, such as impaired memory and disturbed consciousness, in humans, the

Tourette syndrome is not caused by mutations in the central cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) gene.

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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex inherited disorder of unknown aetiology, characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Involvement of the central cannabinoid (CB1) system is suggested because of therapeutic effects of marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) consumption and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol

Conformational memories and the endocannabinoid binding site at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.

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Endocannabinoid stucture-activity relationships (SAR) indicate that the CB1 receptor recognizes ethanolamides whose fatty acid acyl chains have 20 or 22 carbons, with at least three homoallylic double bonds and saturation in at least the last five carbons of the acyl chain. To probe the molecular

Cannabis, COMT and psychotic experiences.

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BACKGROUND A putative interaction between cannabis and variation at rs4680 within the catechol-methyl-transferase (COMT) gene on psychosis has been reported, but not adequately replicated. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the relative risk of developing psychosis following use of cannabis is dependent

Acute side effects after consumption of the new synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA.

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BACKGROUND In 2014, the "European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction" (EMCDDA) reported on 30 novel synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Among these were indole- and indazole-based valine derivatives with a cyclohexylmethyl side chain (e.g., AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA), which represent a new

Cannabinoid receptor CNR1 expression and DNA methylation in human prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and caudate in brain development and schizophrenia

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Beyond being one the most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world, cannabis has been identified as an environmental risk factor for psychosis. Though the relationship between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders remains controversial, consistent association between early adolescent cannabis

Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA in 'legal high' products and human urine samples.

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Indole or indazole-based synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) bearing substituents derived from valine or tert-leucine are frequently abused new psychoactive substances (NPS). The emergence of 5F-MDMB-PICA (methyl N-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl}-3-methylvalinate) on the German drug market is

Effects of lipophilicity and functional groups of synthetic cannabinoids on their blood concentrations and urinary excretion.

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The influence of lipophilicity and functional groups of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) on their blood concentrations and urinary excretion has been studied by analyzing blood and urine specimens sampled from drivers who were involved in a car crashes under the influence of SCs. A total of 58 specimens

Enantioseparation of the carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide and methyl [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]-valinate in illicit herbal products.

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Synthetic cannabinoids, recently used as alternatives to Cannabis sativa, are among the most frequently abused drugs. Identified in 2014, the synthetic cannabinoids N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-AB-PINACA) and methyl

Metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids in hair--proof of consumption or false friends for interpretation?

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The detection of drug metabolites in hair is widely accepted as a proof for systemic uptake of the drug, unless the metabolites can be formed as artefacts. However, regarding synthetic cannabinoids, not much is known about mechanisms of incorporation into hair. For a correct interpretation

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