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VitisCyc: a metabolic pathway knowledgebase for grapevine (Vitis vinifera).

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We have developed VitisCyc, a grapevine-specific metabolic pathway database that allows researchers to (i) search and browse the database for its various components such as metabolic pathways, reactions, compounds, genes and proteins, (ii) compare grapevine metabolic networks with other publicly

Antioxidative responses in Vitis vinifera infected by grapevine fanleaf virus.

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The antioxidative response of grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Trebbiano) affected by the presence of grapevine fanleaf virus was studied during the summer of 2010 at three different harvest times (July 1st and 26th, and August 30th). At the first and second harvest, infected leaves showed

Identification of transcripts involved in digestion, detoxification and immune response from transcriptome of Empoasca vitis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) nymphs.

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Tea production has been significantly impacted by the false-eye leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe), around Asia. To identify the key genes which are responsible for nutrition absorption, xenobiotic metabolism and immune response, the transcriptome of either alimentary tracts or bodies minus

Gibberellin-induced changes in the transcriptome of grapevine (Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) cv. Kyoho flowers.

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BACKGROUND Gibberellins are well known for their growth control function in flower, fruit and seed development, and as such, exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) application plays an important role in viticulture. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which GA3 acts in the regulation of these complicated

ABA Alleviates Uptake and Accumulation of Zinc in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by Inducing Expression of ZIP and Detoxification-Related Genes.

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that can mitigate heavy metal toxicity. Exogenous ABA and ABA mimic 1 (AM1) were applied to study the influence on Zn uptake and accumulation in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot seedlings exposed to excess Zn. The seedlings were treated with either normal or

Transformation of Eutypa dieback and esca disease pathogen toxins by antagonistic fungal strains reveals a second detoxification pathway not present in Vitis vinifera.

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Eutypine, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3-phenyllactic acid are some of the phytotoxins produced by the pathogens causing Eutypa dieback and esca disease, two trunk diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Known biocontrol agents such as Fusarium lateritium and Trichoderma sp. were screened for their

Integration of stress produced reactive oxygen species in the stomatal regulation of micropropagated Vitis vinifera L. plantlets impaired in ABA signaling.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been repeatedly implicated as cellular second messengers important in the modulation of almost every ontogenic phase of plant development, from seedling to cell death. In all of these processes, ROS production and detoxification are highly regulated and its levels

Analysis of the Molecular Dialogue Between Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Reveals a Clear Shift in Defense Mechanisms During Berry Ripening.

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Mature grapevine berries at the harvesting stage (MB) are very susceptible to the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea, while veraison berries (VB) are not. We conducted simultaneous microscopic and transcriptomic analyses of the pathogen and the host to investigate the infection process developed by

Sulfur aroma precursor present in S-glutathione conjugate form: identification of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione in must from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc.

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When Sauvignon blanc or Gros Manseng grape must was percolated through an immobilized gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase column, there was a significant increase in the concentration of S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine, the precursor of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol, a compound that contributes to the varietal aroma of

Analysis of grape ESTs: global gene expression patterns in leaf and berry.

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Analysis of 2479 ESTs from Vitis vinifera berry tissue and 2438 from leaf revealed that 1% of the ESTs match to known Vitis proteins, 72% to plant proteins, 11% to non-plant, and 16% had no match (P[N]>0.5). The levels of redundancy were similar in the leaf and berry libraries. Only 12% of the genes

Wine modifies the effects of alcohol on immune cells of mice.

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Ethanol may be detrimental to immune cells due to the generation of free radicals during detoxification. If this is true, then alcoholic beverages that contain antioxidants, like red wine, should be protective against immune cell damage. We investigated this by giving mice either a red muscadine

Proteome Biomarkers in Xylem Reveal Pierce's Disease Tolerance in Grape.

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Pierce's disease (PD) is a significant threat to grape cultivation and industry. The disease caused by bacterium Xylella fastidiosa clogs xylem vessels resulting in wilting of the plant. PD-tolerant grape genotypes are believed to produce certain novel components in xylem tissue that help them to

Purification and characterization of a NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase from mung bean that detoxifies eutypine, a toxin from eutypa lata1

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Eutypine (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzaldehyde) is a toxin produced by Eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback in the grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Eutypine is enzymatically converted by numerous plant tissues into eutypinol (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl

Environmental stress enhances biosynthesis of flavor precursors, S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine, in grapevine through glutathione S-transferase activation.

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The biosynthesis of S-(3-hexan-1-ol)-glutathione (3MH-S-glut) and S-(3-hexan-l-ol)-L-cysteine (3MH-S-cys), which act as flavour precursors in wines, in Vitis vinifera grapes exposed to various environmental stress conditions is reported here. Ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation, water deficit, and

Cloning and characterization of small non-coding RNAs from grape.

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Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are effectors of regulatory pathways underlying plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To address the nature and functions of these regulators in grapevine (Vitis vinifera

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