Stimulatory effects of Antidesma madagascariense on D-glucose, L-tyrosine, fluid and electrolyte transport across rat everted intestine, comparable to insulin action in vitro.
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Medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of potential therapeutic agents. This study investigates the effects of Antidesma madagascariense (AM) extract on the transport of D-glucose, L-tyrosine, fluid and electrolytes (Na+ and K+) across rat everted intestinal sacs. These sacs were mounted in an organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer. Experimental findings showed that incubation with graded aqueous AM extracts above 0.375 mg/mL significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated the mucosal disappearance and serosal appearance of glucose and fluid. The concentration of glucose accumulated in the intestinal tissues also increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to that found in the controls. Transport of the amino acid L-tyrosine was not significantly enhanced (P > 0.05) when incubated with increasing concentrations of AM extract. Effects on electrolyte (K+ and Na+) transport were assessed. Na+ uptake and transport was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) when incubated with 0.75 mg/mL AM extract; however, K+ transport was not significantly enhanced (P > 0.05). For comparison, insulin (1 and 2 units/mL) was incubated in the mucosal solution. Aqueous AM extract produced similar stimulatory effects on the transport of glucose, fluid and Na+ as were found with insulin. It is hypothesised that bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, leucoanthocyanins, phenols and saponins from AM leaf extract might interfere with the Na+/glucose carrier, thereby enhancing the transport of glucose, Na+ and fluid across rat everted intestinal sacs. Thus, AM may represent a possible alternative dietary supplement for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.