Isoquercitrin promotes peripheral nerve regeneration through inhibiting oxidative stress following sciatic crush injury in mice.

Oxidative stress has been recognized to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury. Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside) is a flavonoid that exhibited many biological activities, including anti-oxidative effect. However, it is unclear whether isoquercitrin has protective effects on peripheral nerve injury.Mice treated by isoquercitrin were used as a case group, and mice injected with saline was the control group. Sciatic behavioral function was assessed using SFI and CMAPs were measured by electrophysiology. Schwann cells proliferation and migration were tested using EdU staining and Transwell migration chambers respectively. The expression of oxidative stress related factors were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.In present study, our results demonstrated that isoquercitrin (20 mg/kg/day) treatment achieved significantly higher SFI and higher amplitude of CMAP, promoted the nerve regeneration and remyelination, increased the production of GAP43, NF200, MAG and PMP22, alleviated target muscle atrophy and autophagy, and suppressed the expression of ATG7, PINK1 and Beclin1 in soleus muscles after sciatic nerve crush. In vitro studies found that isoquercitrin promoted the axonal regeneration of DRGs neurons, the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Schwann cells. The administration of isoquercitrin at 40 and 320 µM showed a dose dependent, and high doses of isoquercitrin (160 and 320 µM) showed better performance in promoting axonal regeneration of DRGs neurons, and the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells than low dose of isoquercitrin (40 µM). Furthermore, isoquercitrin significantly inhibited oxidative stress through reducing the production of Nox4 and Duox1, and promoting the expression of Nrf2 and SOD2 in soleus muscles after sciatic nerve crush.Isoquercitrin may promote motor functional recovery and nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury though inhibition of oxidative stress, which highlighted the therapeutic values of isoquercitrin as a neuroprotective drug for peripheral nerve repair applications.