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Possible Anandamide and Palmitoylethanolamide involvement in human stroke.

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BACKGROUND Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are ubiquitous lipid mediators that act on specific (CB1, CB2) and non-specific (TRPV1, PPAR) receptors. Despite many experimental animal studies proved eCB involvement in the pathogenesis of stroke, such evidence is still lacking in human patients. Our aim was to

Optimized extraction of 2-arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide from aortic tissue and plasma for quantification by LC-MS/MS.

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Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by plaque formation due to an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and immune cells in the walls of arteries. If a plaque ruptures, an occlusive thrombosis may form that causes either a heart attack or stroke. Macrophages express CB-2 receptors, and are one

Release of fatty acid amides in a patient with hemispheric stroke: a microdialysis study.

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BACKGROUND Excitotoxic insults such as stroke may induce release of fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), contributing to the downstream events in the ischemic cascade. We therefore studied release of FAEs such as anandamide, palmitylethanolamide (PEA), and oleylethanolamide (OEA) in the brain of a

Translating Endocannabinoid Biology into Clinical Practice: Cannabidiol for Stroke Prevention.

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Introduction: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates functions throughout human physiology, including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, autonomic, metabolic, and inflammatory states. The complex cellular interactions regulated by the ECS suggest a potential for vascular disease and stroke

Endocannabinoid regulation of matrix metalloproteinases: implications in ischemic stroke.

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Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and follows heart disease and cancer as the third leading cause of death in Western societies [1]. Despite many advances in stroke research and pharmacotherapy, clinical treatment of this debilitating disorder is still inadequate. Recent findings

The neuroprotective impact of the leak potassium channel TASK1 on stroke development in mice.

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Oxygen depletion (O(2)) and a decrease in pH are initial pathophysiological events in stroke development, but secondary mechanisms of ischemic cell death are incompletely understood. By patch-clamp recordings of brain slice preparations we show that TASK1 and TASK3 channels are inhibited by

Spice, pot, and stroke.

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The endocannabinoid system includes 2 types of G-protein coupled receptors: CB1 (mostly in the brain) and CB2 (in peripheral lymphoid tissue). The major cannabinoid ligands are arachidonylethanolamine ("anandamide," the Sanskrit word for bliss) and 2-arachidonylglycerol ("2AG"). It is by binding to

N-stearoyltyrosine protects against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity by an apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-mediated caspase-independent cell death pathway.

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N-stearoyltyrosine (NsTyr), a synthesized anandamide (AEA) analogue, could exert potent neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia models both in vivo and in vitro via intervening in multiple injuries. Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter, plays a critical role during stroke/cerebral

Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling by fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition: a neuroprotective therapeutic modality.

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OBJECTIVE This review posits that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition has therapeutic potential against neuropathological states including traumatic brain injury; Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases; and stroke. METHODS This proposition is supported by data from numerous in

Recent advantages in cannabinoid research.

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Although the active component of cannabis Delta9-THC was isolated by our group 35 years ago, until recently its mode of action remained obscure. In the last decade it was established that Delta9-THC acts through specific receptors - CB1 and CB2 - and mimics the physiological activity of endogenous

Stimulated CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Inducing Ischemic Tolerance and Protecting Neuron from Cerebral Ischemia.

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BACKGROUND It is reported that endogenous cannabinoids can cause vasodilation and bradycardia. They have anti-inflammatory effect and protect endothelial cells from injury, therefore they have potential application prospect in the prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the

Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain pathologies

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Cannabis-inspired medical products are garnering increasing attention from the scientific community, general public, and health policy makers. A plethora of scientific literature demonstrates intricate engagement of the endocannabinoid system with human immunology, psychology, developmental

Endocannabinoids mediate neuroprotection after transient focal cerebral ischemia.

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The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) act as endogenous protective factors of the brain, using different pathways of neuroprotection against neuronal damage. Although several in vivo and in vitro studies confirmed the neuroprotective efficacy of endocannabinoids, no

TASK-1 channels in oligodendrocytes: a role in ischemia mediated disruption.

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Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the CNS and, like neurons, are highly sensitive to ischemic damage. However, the mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity in oligodendrocytes during hypoxic/ischemic episodes are not fully understood. TASK-1 is a K(+) leak channel that mediates hypoxic

Hemodynamic effects of cannabinoids: coronary and cerebral vasodilation mediated by cannabinoid CB(1) receptors.

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Activation of peripheral cannabinoid CB(1) receptors elicits hypotension. Using the radioactive microsphere technique, we examined the effects of cannabinoids on systemic hemodynamics in anesthetized rats. The potent cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonist HU-210 ([-]-11-OH-Delta(9) tetrahydrocannabinol

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