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Rapid identification and analysis of the active components of traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoxuming decoction for ischemic stroke treatment by integrating UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RRLC-QTRAP MSn method.

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Xiaoxuming decoction (XXMD) is a key Chinese medicine prescription, which has been clinically used for stroke treatment for thousands of years in ancient China. The extracted active fraction of XXMD (AF-XXMD) contains almost pharmacological active components with anti-cerebral ischemic effects.

Uncoupling of the Electron Transport Chain Compromises Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Exacerbates Stroke Outcomes.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be implicated in stroke, but the complex mechanisms of stroke have led to few stroke therapies. The present study to disrupted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through a known electron transport chain (ETC) uncoupler, Carbonyl cyanide-4

Methylene blue treatment delays progression of perfusion-diffusion mismatch to infarct in permanent ischemic stroke.

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Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Low-dose methylene blue (MB), which has been used safely to treat methemoglobinemia and cyanide poisoning in humans, has energy enhancing and antioxidant properties. We tested the hypothesis that methylene blue treatment delays

Pericytes contribute to the disruption of the cerebral endothelial barrier via increasing VEGF expression: implications for stroke.

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Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity occurring during the early onset of stroke is not only a consequence of, but also contributes to the further progression of stroke. Although it has been well documented that brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes play a critical

Neuroprotective efficacy of methylene blue in ischemic stroke: an MRI study.

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Methylene blue (MB) has unique energy-enhancing and antioxidant properties and is FDA-approved drug to treat methemoglobinemia and cyanide poisoning. This study evaluated the efficacy of MB to treat ischemic stroke in rats using longitudinal MRI and behavioral measures. Rats were subjected to

Cerebral energy metabolism during mitochondrial dysfunction induced by cyanide in piglets.

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BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor contributing to tissue damage in both severe traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. This experimental study explores the possibility to diagnose the condition bedside by utilising intracerebral microdialysis and analysis of chemical

Metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency: a missed opportunity to prevent dementia and stroke.

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The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight insights into the importance and frequency of metabolic vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, reasons why it is commonly missed, and reasons for the widespread but mistaken belief that treatment of B12 deficiency does not prevent stroke or improve

Homocysteine lowering for stroke prevention: Unravelling the complexity of the evidence.

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Elevated levels of total homocysteine impair endothelial dysfunction and increase thrombosis. Homocysteine is causal in animal models, and in human studies, elevated total homocysteine is significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis, lacunar infarction, and markedly increased risk of stroke

Methylene blue treatment in experimental ischemic stroke: a mini review.

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Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Methylene blue, a drug grandfathered by the Food and Drug Administration with a long history of safe usage in humans for treating methemoglobinemia and cyanide poisoning, has recently been shown to be neuroprotective in neurodegenerative

Influence of intra- and extracellular acidification on free radical formation and mitochondria membrane potential in rat brain synaptosomes.

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Brain ischemia is accompanied by lowering of intra- and extracellular pH. Stroke often leads to irreversible damage of synaptic transmission by unknown mechanism. We investigated an influence of lowering of pH(i) and pH(o) on free radical formation in synaptosomes. Three models of acidosis were

Neuroprotection by lowering cholesterol: a decrease in membrane cholesterol content reduces transporter-mediated glutamate release from brain nerve terminals.

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BACKGROUND In our earlier work, a reduction of cholesterol content increased the extracellular glutamate level in rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes) that was a result of the lack of transporter-mediated glutamate uptake. The aim of this study was to assess transporter-mediated release of

Development of a PDMS-based microchip electrophoresis device for continuous online in vivo monitoring of microdialysis samples.

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A PDMS-based microfluidic system for online coupling of microdialysis sampling to microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection for in vivo analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and sodium cyanide as the derivatization reagents is described.

The Effects of Methylene Blue on Autophagy and Apoptosis in MRI-Defined Normal Tissue, Ischemic Penumbra and Ischemic Core.

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Methylene blue (MB) USP, which has energy-enhancing and antioxidant properties, is currently used to treat methemoglobinemia and cyanide poisoning in humans. We recently showed that MB administration reduces infarct volume and behavioral deficits in rat models of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain

Structure-activity relationships for ulcerogenic and adrenocorticolytic effects of alkyl nitriles, amines, and thiols.

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In rats, a single administration of acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide) produces a rapidly occurring bilateral adrenal apoplexy. Structure-activity studies have shown that a close derivative, propionitrile (ethyl cyanide), causes duodenal ulcer without markedly affecting the adrenal glands. Prolonging the

Uric acid and plasma lipids in cerebrovascular disease. I. Prevalence of hyperuricaemia.

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Serum uric acid levels measured by the phosphotungstic sodium cyanide method have been estimated in 60 patients suffering from a cerebrovascular incident. Patients with diseases known to predispose to hyperuricaemia were excluded. Twenty-five per cent. of patients with acute strokes had

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