Supplementation group (N=60) that will receive 250 µg of vitamin B12 in addition to 60 mg of Fe and 400µg of folate.

Placebo group (N=60) that will receive placebo tablets and 60 mg of Fe and 400µg of folate daily.

Nutritional Anemia in Mothers.

Nutritional Anemia in Infants.

Vitamin B12

Placebo

Maternal and Child Health Training Institute

Vitamin B12 Supplementation During Pregnancy

Role of Vitamin B12 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Postpartum to Reduce Nutritional Anemia and Improve Immunity in Bangladeshi Women and Their Infants

The investigators will determine the percentage of nutritional anemia in mothers by measuring Hb, ferritin, sTfR, B12 levels in plasma. They will also measure urinary MMA and tHcy and B12 levels in breast milk.

Influenza vaccine-specific antibody responses (IgA, IgG) in plasma and colostrum/ breast milk [secretory IgA (s-IgA)] will be measured by ELISA. PBMC will be stimulated with Flu vaccine for blastogensis response.

The investigators will determine the percentage of nutritional anemia in mothers by measuring Hb, ferritin, B12 levels in plasma.

Genomic DNA methylation will be measured by the methyl acceptance assay . Total homocysteine (tHcy) will be measured in urine samples by using HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Mutations in the ALPL, MTHFR C677T and FUT2 genes will be determined by PCR- RFLP assay and DNA sequencing.

Participants will be interviewed on their mental status using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression questionnaire. The questionnaire contains 20 items comprising six major aspects of depression: depressed mood, hopelessness, worthlessness, fatigue, appetite and sleep disturbances. It has been previously used in rural and urban Bangladeshi women (J Hamadani) and found to correlate sensibly to children's growth and development. The interview will be conducted twice at the homes of the women first at baseline and at 3 mo postpartum.

ethyl acetate/переутомление

Vitamin B12 Supplementation During Pregnancy

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