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Metabolism of Unsaturated Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Molecular Species in Arabidopsis thaliana Reveals Different Sites and Substrates for Linolenic Acid Synthesis.

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Synthesis of unsaturated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was examined in a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. containing reduced levels of hexadecatrienoic (16:3) and linolenic (18:3) acids in leaf lipids. Molecular species composition and labeling kinetics following the incorporation of

A mutant of the Arabidopsis thaliana TOC159 gene accumulates reduced levels of linolenic acid and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol.

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Previous studies have shown that a mutant of Arabidopsis that lacks the Toc159 receptor is impaired in chloroplast biogenesis. The mutant is referred as plastid protein import 2 or ppi2 and has an albino phenotype due to its inability to import the photosynthetic proteins. In this study, we measured

Ethanolamide oxylipins of linolenic acid can negatively regulate Arabidopsis seedling development.

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N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are fatty-acid derivatives with potent biological activities in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms. Polyunsaturated NAEs are among the most abundant NAE types in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana, and they can be metabolized by either fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or by

Characteristics of high alpha-linolenic acid accumulation in seed oils.

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Modern diets are often deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and additional dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids are useful. In order to investigate the molecular basis of the high accumulation of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3), in three different plants, flax (Linum

Nitro-linolenic acid is a nitric oxide donor.

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Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), which are the result of the interaction between reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and non-saturated fatty acids, constitute a new research area in plant systems, and their study has significantly increased. Very recently, the endogenous presence of nitro-linolenic acid

Volatile compound biosynthesis by green leaves from an Arabidopsis thaliana hydroperoxide lyase knockout mutant.

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The degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids through the lipoxygenase pathway is responsible for the production of volatile compounds that confer green sensory notes to the aroma of fruits and vegetables. The peroxidation of free linoleic or linolenic acid by action of lipoxygenase and then the

Analysis of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by Poly(γ-glutamic Acid) in Arabidopsis thaliana Based on GeneChip Microarray.

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Plant growth is promoted by poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). However, the molecular mechanism underlying such promotion is not yet well understood. Therefore, we used GeneChip microarrays to explore the effects of γ-PGA on gene transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results revealed 299 genes

Functional reconstitution of Arabidopsis thaliana plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (AtPUMP1) expressed in Escherichia coli.

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The Arabidopsis thaliana uncoupling protein (UCP) gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and isolated protein reconstituted into liposomes. Linoleic acid-induced H+ fluxes were sensitive to purine nucleotide inhibition with an apparent K(i) (in mM) of 0.8 (GDP), 0.85 (ATP), 0.98 (GTP), and 1.41

Production of prostaglandins in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Plants do not naturally produce the very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are the precursors of prostaglandins, but in previous studies Arabidopsis thaliana had been transformed sequentially with genes encoding a Δ(9)-elongase and a Δ(8)-desaturase to produce dihomo-γ-linolenic acid

Two high linolenic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana contain megabase-scale genome duplications encompassing the FAD3 locus.

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Understanding the quantitative control of fatty acid desaturation during the biosynthesis of seed storage oil has become a priority area for research, as a consequence of its importance for both human health and the substitution of mineral oil for industrial applications. We have analysed the genome

On the specificity of lipid hydroperoxide fragmentation by fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) is a membrane associated P450 enzyme that cleaves fatty acid hydroperoxides into aldehydes and omega-oxo fatty acids. One of the major products of this reaction is (3Z)-hexenal. It is a constituent of many fresh smelling fruit aromas. For its biotechnological

Isolation and characterization of signal transduction mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively activate the octadecanoid pathway and form necrotic microlesions.

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Thionins are a group of antimicrobial polypeptides that form part of the plant's defense mechanism against pathogens. The Thi 2.1 thionin gene of Arabidopsis thaliana has been shown to be inducible by jasmonic acid (JA), an oxylipin-like hormone derived from oxygenated linolenic acid and synthesized

Alternative oxidase involvement in cold stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana fad2 and FAD3+ cell suspensions altered in membrane lipid composition.

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To investigate how the fatty acid composition of membrane lipids influences cell growth and mitochondrial respiration, in particular the expression and capacity of alternative oxidase (AOX), under cold stress, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana fad2 knockout and FAD3+ -overexpressing cultured cells

Diversity of the enzymatic activity in the lipoxygenase gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Lipoxygenases (LOX) catalyze the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the first step in the biosynthesis of a large group of biologically active fatty acid metabolites collectively named oxylipins. In the present study we report the characterization of the enzymatic activity of the six

Nitro-Fatty Acids in Plant Signaling: Nitro-Linolenic Acid Induces the Molecular Chaperone Network in Arabidopsis.

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Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are the product of the reaction between reactive nitrogen species derived of nitric oxide (NO) and unsaturated fatty acids. In animal systems, NO2-FAs are considered novel signaling mediators of cell function based on a proven antiinflammatory response. Nevertheless, the

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