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The colour of gingiva has a tremendous impact on the esthetics of the smile. Clinically gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is presented as 'black gum' which is common esthetic problem especially for those who have gummy smile. Currently the growing aesthetic concerns among the patients require the
SMA is an autosomal-recessive disorder, characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy with an incidence of 1/10,000. The condition is caused by a homozygous deletion or mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1), resulting in reduced expression of the survival motor neuron (SMN)
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules, and comedones that is prevalent in men and women of color. In fact, acne is the most common dermatologic diagnosis made in SOC populations. Although individuals of all skin types can develop acne vulgaris, there
Gingival enlargement (GE) is one of the most common soft tissue problems in patients undergoing orthodontic fixed treatment, particularly when spaces are rapidly closed and oral hygiene is poor. The mechanism by which GE occurs during orthodontic treatment is not fully understood. The initiation and
Skin color affected by many agents as it is determined by several chromophores such as melanin, hemoglobin and carotenoids. Among these, melanin is the main one responsible for different skin colors.
Melanin is produced by special skin cells called melanocytes and packed in organelles called
Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, nevertheless there is evidence that melanogenesis in melasma differ from tanning and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentations as well as there is an involvement of the whole epidermal melanin unit in the process (not just hypertrophic melanocytes), mastocytes,
Background:
The melanin to be used in this study is a herbal melanin (HM) that has been extracted from the plant Nigella sativa. Nigella sativa was obtained from local market in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HM has been obtained from seed total powdered extract using standard extraction procedure and has
The antimalarial agent hydroxychloroquine have been used widely for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Among rheumatic diseases, the primary role of HCQ is in the management of articular and skin manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the
Key etiologic factors include a genetic predisposition, solar damage, barrier abnormalities, and unique sensitivities to hormonal changes including pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy .Melasma can be divided into centrofacial, malar, and mandibular, according to the
Benign pigmented lesions can be divided into epidermal lesions such as freckles, lentigines, solar lentigines or cafe au lait macules and dermal lesions such as Nevus of Ota or Hori's nevus.
Q-switched 532 and 1064 nm lasers were reported to be safe and effective in the treatment of these benign
This will be a clinical, randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial comprising a consecutive sample of 110 CD patients in remission and low serum vitamin D levels treated by the Gastroenterology team of the Inflammatory Intestinal Disease Clinic at the University Hospital (HU/CAS), Federal
Melasma is a frequent, photoinduced, pigmentary disorder among latin-american women. Its etiology is not completely elucidated; however, there is evidence of a melanogenic paracrine cytokine network between the melanocyte and other skin cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, vascular and