Key etiologic factors include a genetic predisposition, solar damage, barrier abnormalities, and unique sensitivities to hormonal changes including pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy .Melasma can be divided into centrofacial, malar, and mandibular, according to the
This will be a clinical, randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial comprising a consecutive sample of 110 CD patients in remission and low serum vitamin D levels treated by the Gastroenterology team of the Inflammatory Intestinal Disease Clinic at the University Hospital (HU/CAS), Federal