migraine disorders/protease

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Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) activation causes migraine-like pain behaviors in mice.

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Background Pain is the most debilitating symptom of migraine. The cause of migraine pain likely requires activation of meningeal nociceptors. Mast cell degranulation, with subsequent meningeal nociceptor activation, has been implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Degranulating mast cells release

Genes, proteases, cortical spreading depression and migraine: impact on pathophysiology and treatment.

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Migraine headaches have a complex pathophysiology; both vascular and neuronal mechanisms have been proposed. One possible scenario begins with a series of destabilising events within the brain that trigger cortical spreading depression (CSD). CSD can cause both migraine aura and trigeminal

Periodontal disease as a potential factor of migraine chronification.

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Migraine is a hereditary constitutional base disorder, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of headache pulsatile characteristics associated with photophobia/phonophobia, nausea and/or vomiting. The main complication in migraine is the chronicity of the process, now recognized as a chronic

Increased von Willebrand factor in migraine.

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The authors determined von Willebrand factor (vWF) in 63 persons with migraine, 11 persons with migraine and prior stroke, and 35 frequency-matched controls. Additional studies were done in a subset with migraine without aura who were headache free for >7 days. Migraineurs with prior stroke had

A mutation in Site-1 Protease is associated with a complex phenotype that includes episodic hyperCKemia and focal myoedema.

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Site-1 Protease (S1P) is a Golgi-resident protein required for the activation of regulatory proteins that drive key cellular functions, including, the unfolded protein response (UPR) and lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. While disruptions in S1P function have been widely

Ergotism associated with HIV antiviral protease inhibitor therapy.

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Ergotism is a rare condition of acute vasospasm found classically in young and middle-aged women taking ergot alkaloid agents to treat migraine headache. We report the case of a young man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity and describe the drug interaction between protease inhibitors

In silico screening of FDA approved drugs reveals ergotamine and dihydroergotamine as potential coronavirus main protease enzyme inhibitors

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Coronaviruses with the largest viral genomes are positive-sense RNA viruses associated with a history of global epidemics such as the severe respiratory syndrome (SARS), the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and recently the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There has been no vaccines or

Clinically significant drug interactions with agents specific for migraine attacks.

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The drugs which provide specific relief from migraine attacks, the ergopeptides (ergotamine and dihydroergotamine) and the various 'triptans' (notably sumatriptan), are often prescribed for persons already taking various migraine preventative agents, and sometimes drugs for other indications. As a

Matrix metalloproteinases in neuropathic pain and migraine: friends, enemies, and therapeutic targets.

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that mediate extracellular matrix turnover and associated processes, such as cell survival, growth, and differentiation. This paper discusses important functions of MMP in the normal and injured nervous system,

Progression in migraine: Role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

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Migraine is a common painful neurovascular disorder usually associated with several symptoms, such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting and inflammation, and involves immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells derived from hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells which migrate and mature

Activation of PAR-2 elicits NO-dependent and CGRP-independent dilation of the dural artery.

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OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the vascular effects of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activation in the rat cranial vasculature. BACKGROUND The role of PAR-2 in pain and inflammatory conditions has been established but the information available on its effects and receptor

Chemokine receptors--the next therapeutic target for HIV?

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To date, the available therapies for the treatment of HIV infection are targeted against proteins encoded by the virus itself. Thus, combination drug therapies for HIV with reverse transciptase and protease inhibitors have resulted in spectacular reductions of viraemia, often leading to a remarkable

[Hereditary angioedema in the German-speaking region].

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A multicentre, retrospective study of hereditary deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) function, a deficiency which clinically manifests as hereditary angioedema (HAE), was performed in six centres in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. 242 individuals were registered with proven functional or

Botulinum toxin: basic science and clinical uses in otolaryngology.

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The role of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent is expanding rapidly in otolaryngology. Botulinum toxin is a protease that blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals. Its effects are transient and nondestructive, and largely limited to the area in which it is administered. These

LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury

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Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that have a high degree of specificity (mono-specificity) for an antigen or epitope. Monoclonal antibodies are typically derived from a clonal expansion of antibody producing malignant human plasma cells. The initial monoclonal antibodies were created by fusing

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