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Protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in endotoxemia.

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Because oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the endothelial cell damage and in the myocardial depression occurring during severe sepsis, we investigated whether N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could influence the oxygen extraction capabilities during an acute reduction in blood flow induced by

Effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on regional blood flow during endotoxic shock.

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We previously reported that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an oxygen free-radical scavenger, can increase the oxygen extraction capabilities during endotoxic shock when blood flow is progressively reduced. In the present study, we investigated whether the protective effects of NAC are related to an

N-acetyl-L-cysteine depresses cardiac performance in patients with septic shock.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of adjunctive therapy with parenteral N-acetyl-L-cysteine in patients with newly diagnosed septic shock. METHODS Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHODS Multidisciplinary intensive care unit at a university teaching

Role of mercury toxicity in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.

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Mercury has a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups, inactivating numerous enzymatic reactions, amino acids, and sulfur-containing antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, L-glutathione), with subsequent decreased oxidant defense and increased oxidative stress. Mercury binds to

Sirt1-ROS-TRAF6 Signaling-Induced Pyroptosis Contributes to Early Injury in Ischemic Mice.

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Stroke is an acute cerebro-vascular disease with high incidence and poor prognosis, most commonly ischemic in nature. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to inflammatory reactions as symptoms of a stroke. However, the role of inflammation in stroke and its underlying mechanisms

The metabolism and toxicity of hemin in astrocytes.

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Hemin is cytotoxic, and contributes to the brain damage that accompanies hemorrhagic stroke. In order to better understand the basis of hemin toxicity in astrocytes, the present study quantified hemin metabolism and compared it to the pattern of cell death. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was

Increased expression of ICAM-1 during reoxygenation in brain endothelial cells.

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OBJECTIVE Thrombolysis is a promising therapy for acute ischemic stroke. However, there is evidence that neutrophils may physically plug cerebral microvessels on reperfusion, preventing the full benefit of thrombolysis. We undertook this study to determine whether there was increased endothelial

Protective effects of S-nitrosoglutathione against neurotoxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid in rat.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are often linked to various neurodegenerative disorders including ischemic stroke and Huntington's disease (HD). S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous nitric oxide carrier recently identified as a potent antioxidant capable of neutralizing

Heat stress induces intestinal injury through lysosome- and mitochondria-dependent pathway in vivo and in vitro.

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Damage to the small intestine secondary to heat stroke is a major factor in heat stroke-related morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms by which heat stroke causes small intestinal lesions and dysfunction remain unclear. To explore the pathogenesis of small intestinal tissue and

Preventing necroptosis by scavenging ROS production alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal injury

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Background: Worldwide heat stroke incidence has increased in recent years and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to identify mechanisms that mediate heat stroke. Previous studies suggested that damage to the small intestine may be a major factor in heat

Dendrimer-drug conjugates for tailored intracellular drug release based on glutathione levels.

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N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with significant potential in clinical applications including stroke and neuroinflammation. The drug shows high plasma binding upon IV administration, requiring high doses and associated side effects. Through the use of an

Prevention of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications upon treatment with antioxidants.

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Oxidative stress is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is invariably associated with abnormal blood lipid profile, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Stress, smoking, high saturated fat intake as well as low fruit

Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) Inhibition by Antioxidant, N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine, Reduces Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death

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A variety of pathogenic mechanisms, such as cytoplasmic calcium/zinc influx, reactive oxygen species production, and ionic imbalance, have been suggested to play a role in cerebral ischemia induced neurodegeneration. During the ischemic state that occurs after stroke or heart attack, it is observed

Cigarette smoke extract upregulates heme oxygenase-1 via PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PDGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway in mouse brain endothelial cells.

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BACKGROUND In the brain, the inducible form of heme oxygenase (HO-1) has been recently demonstrated to exacerbate early brain injury produced by intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke which incident rate has been correlated with cigarette smoking previously. Interestingly, cigarette smoke (CS) or

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