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Proteome analysis of skeletal muscle from obese and morbidly obese women.

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Obesity-related diseases such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes originate, in part, from the progressive metabolic deterioration of skeletal muscle. A preliminary proteomic survey of rectus abdominus muscle detected a statistically significant increase in adenylate kinase (AK)1,

Up-regulation of aldolase A and methylglyoxal production in adipocytes.

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OBJECTIVE We previously reported that up-regulation of aldolase B, a key enzyme in fructose metabolism, was mainly responsible for vascular methylglyoxal (MG) overproduction under different pathological conditions. Here we investigated whether aldolase A, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, also

Recent advances in the synthesis of rare sugars using DHAP-dependent aldolases.

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The occurrence rates of non-communicable diseases like obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia have increased remarkably due to excessive consumption of a high-energy diet. Rare sugars therefore have become increasingly attractive owing to their unique nutritional properties. In the past two decades,

The physiologic effects of caloric restriction are reflected in the in vivo adipocyte-enriched proteome of overweight/obese subjects.

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We have applied our recently designed proteomics apparoach to search for protein changes in the in vivo adipocyte-enriched proteome from 8 overweight/obese subjects who underwent an intervention of 5 weeks of a very low calorie diet followed by 3 weeks of a normal diet. On average, persons lost 9.5

Increased β-oxidation with improved glucose uptake capacity in adipose tissue from obese after weight loss and maintenance.

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OBJECTIVE We investigated protein markers for pathways of the fatty acids (FAs) and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue after a weight loss program by calorie restriction. METHODS Overweight/obese subjects underwent an intervention of 5 weeks of a very low-calorie diet followed by a 3-week

Influence of diet composition on obesity, hyperlipemia and liver steatosis in Zucker fa/fa rats pair-fed with Zucker Fa/- rats.

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The effect of a four-week experiment on ten fa/fa Zucker rats (aged seven weeks at the beginning) fed on a lipid-rich diet (HL: 31 per cent w/w lipids, 45.6 per cent starch) was compared to that of a control diet (C: 10 per cent lipids, 66 per cent starch) on control Fa/- rats using a special

Improvement in jejunal enzyme adaptation in obese adult-onset diabetic patients following a 30-day fast.

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The adaptive responses of gastrointestinal enzymes, glucose tolerance, and plasma insulin to diet, folic acid, and insulin of five obese adult-onset diabetic patients were studied before and after a 30-day fast. Their data were compared to the adaptive responses of gastrointestinal enzymes to diet,

Mitochondrial-related proteomic changes during obesity and fasting in mice are greater in the liver than skeletal muscles.

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Although mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-related metabolic abnormalities are not well established. We performed mitochondrial quantitative proteomic and whole transcriptome analysis followed by functional annotations

Proteomic profiling of non-obese type 2 diabetic skeletal muscle.

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Abnormal glucose handling has emerged as a major clinical problem in millions of diabetic patients worldwide. Insulin resistance affects especially one of the main target organs of this hormone, the skeletal musculature, making impaired glucose metabolism in contractile fibres a major feature of

Alterations in the liver of intrauterine growth retarded piglets may predispose to development of insulin resistance and obesity in later life.

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Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) leads to increased predisposition to metabolic syndrome in adult life but the mechanisms remain obscure. Considering a significant number of functional similarities, IUGR piglets appear to be a good model to study the development of this syndrome in humans. The

Differential representation of liver proteins in obese human subjects suggests novel biomarkers and promising targets for drug development in obesity.

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The proteome of liver biopsies from human obese (O) subjects has been compared to those of nonobese (NO) subjects using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Differentially represented proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass

Upregulation of aldolase B and overproduction of methylglyoxal in vascular tissues from rats with metabolic syndrome.

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OBJECTIVE Methylglyoxal (MG) overproduction has been reported in metabolic syndrome with hyperglycaemia (diabetes) or without hyperglycaemia (hypertension), and the underlying mechanism was investigated. RESULTS Contributions of different pathways or enzymes to MG formation were evaluated in aorta

The Expression of Aldolase B in Islets Is Negatively Associated With Insulin Secretion in Humans.

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UNASSIGNED Reduced β-cell mass, impaired islet function, and dedifferentiation are considered causal to development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. In human cohort studies, changes of islet cell-specific expression patterns have been associated with diabetes but not directly with in vivo

Regulation of human jejunal glycolytic enzymes by oral folic acid.

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The effect of oral folic acid on jejunal glycolytic enzyme activity in five fasting obese patients and in three normal male volunteers on a constant 3000 cal diet was studied. The glycolytic enzymes, fructokinase, hexokinase, glucokinase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, and fructose diphosphate

Changes in the salivary proteome of beagle dogs after weight loss.

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Being overweight or obese represents an important health issue in humans and pets. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the salivary proteome of overweight beagles after induced weight loss to better understand the physiological changes involved in this process. Five overweight/obese

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