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Transplantation of fecal microbiota rich in short chain fatty acids and butyric acid treat cerebral ischemic stroke by regulating gut microbiota.

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The gut microbiota and its short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites have been established to play an important protective role against neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that cerebral ischemic stroke triggers dysfunctional gut microbiota and increased intestinal

Synergistic effect of mild hypothermia and the Notch inhibitor DAPT against post stroke seizures.

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Seizure is a serious complication of stroke, indicating poor prognosis. Notch signaling is associated with neuronal activity. Inhibition of Notch signaling suppresses seizure activity induced by kainic acid. The present study investigated the effect of the Notch inhibitor, DAPT, alone or in

Reduction of nitric oxide-mediated γ-amino butyric acid release in rostral ventrolateral medulla is involved in superoxide-induced sympathoexcitation of hypertensive rats.

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BACKGROUND The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in the brainstem is responsible for regulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In the RVLM, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a major sympathoinhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter and superoxide is a major

Gamma-amino butyric acid type B receptors stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis during ischemia-reperfusion.

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Serine/threonine kinase Akt, or protein kinase B, has been shown to regulate a number of neutrophil functions. We sought to identify Akt binding proteins in neutrophils to provide further insights into understanding the mechanism by which Akt regulates various neutrophil functions. Proteomic and

Committed neural progenitor cells derived from genetically modified bone marrow stromal cells ameliorate deficits in a rat model of stroke.

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Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are an excellent source of cells for treating a variety of central nervous system diseases. In this study, we report the efficient induction of committed neural progenitor cells from rat and human MSCs (NS-MSCs) by introduction of cells with the intracellular domain

Cardiovascular effects of overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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We have previously demonstrated that the overexpression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) decreases blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity via an increase in gamma-amino butyric acid release in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).

The Delta-Subunit Selective GABA A Receptor Modulator, DS2, Improves Stroke Recovery via an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism.

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Inflammatory processes are known to contribute to tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS) across a broad range of neurological conditions, including stroke. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, has been implicated in modulating peripheral immune

Effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on GABA(B) and mGluR1 expressions in brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke. .

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on the expressions of γ-amino butyric acid B receptor (GABA(B)) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in the brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke. METHODS In total, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly

Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction attenuates post‑stroke spasticity via the modulation of GABAB receptors.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antispastic effects of Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction (GLGZD) in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The MCAO rats were treated with GLGZD (14.3 g/kg body weight) once a day for a period

Cerebrolysin prevents deficits in social behavior, repetitive conduct, and synaptic inhibition in a rat model of autism.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome of diverse neuropsychiatric diseases of growing incidence characterized by repetitive conduct and impaired social behavior and communication for which effective pharmacological treatment is still unavailable. While the mechanisms and etiology of ASD are

Human model neurons in studies of brain cell damage and neural repair.

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Disorders of the central nervous system are a major concern in modern human societies. Studies of these disorders require the use of suitable model systems that accurately reproduce the human situation. In this article we focus on the possibilities of using the human NT-2 teratocarcinoma cell line

Homocysteine decreases blood flow to the brain due to vascular resistance in carotid artery.

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An elevated level of Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for vascular dementia and stroke. Cysthathionine beta Synthase (CBS) gene is involved in the clearance of Hcy. Homozygous individuals for (CBS-/-) die early, but heterozygous for (CBS-/+) survive with high levels of Hcy. The gamma-Amino

Behavioral deficits and recovery following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor densities.

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The neurobiologic mechanisms underlying the recovery process following stroke are poorly understood. The present study investigated glutamatergic and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic receptor densities following experimental stroke in rats exposed to different environmental housing or

[Distigmine bromide improves chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a case of MELAS].

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A 34-year-old man with MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) showed chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), which was improved by the administration of distigmine bromide. He exhibited generalized tonic clonic seizures at the age of 21, and

Homocysteine alters cerebral microvascular integrity and causes remodeling by antagonizing GABA-A receptor.

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High levels of homocysteine (Hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), are associated with cerebrovascular diseases, such as vascular dementia, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. The γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and a ligand of GABA-A receptor. By inhibiting

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