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Reversal of multidrug resistance of cancer cells in vitro: modification of drug resistance by selected carotenoids.

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The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the chemotherapy of of human cancer. Investigation of the possibility of reversal of MDR has been greatly aided by the use of cell lines with acquired resitance to anticancer agents in vitro or transfected with the mdrl gene. The

Carotenoid Nanovector for Efficient Therapeutic Gene Knockdown of Transcription Factor FOXC1 in Liver Cancer.

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Transcription factor FOXC1 has been implicated to play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but targeting FOXC1 for therapeutic benefit remains a challenge owing to its location inside the cell nucleus. Herein we report successful therapeutic gene knockdown of transcription

Cancer chemoprevention. Part 1: Retinoids and carotenoids and other classic antioxidants.

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Cancer chemoprevention is the use of specific natural or synthetic substances with the objective of reversing, suppressing, or preventing carcinogenic progression to invasive cancer. Currently, numerous chemopreventive agents are in various stages of development and testing. Part 1 of this two-part

Carotenoids in cancer, mastalgia, and AIDS: prevention and treatment--an overview.

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In 1980, two carotenoids, beta-carotene (BC) and canthaxanthine (CX) with and without pro-vitamin A activity, respectively, were orally administered to female Swiss albino mice and were found to substantially prevent skin carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP). This preventive effect was

Cancer chemoprevention by natural carotenoids and their related compounds.

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As one of the most promising cancer chemopreventive agents, beta-carotene has been studied extensively. However, other natural carotenoids have also suppressed tumorigenesis, and some are more potent than beta-carotene. For example, alpha-carotene shows higher potency than beta-carotene in

Carotenoids and cancer in animal models.

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As evidence accumulated from epidemiological studies that beta-carotene acts as a chemopreventive agent with respect to inhibiting the appearance of certain types of tumors in humans, attention focused on animal models as a means of extending our understanding of carotenoid function. Unfortunately,

The role of carotenoids on the risk of lung cancer.

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Smoking prevention and cessation remain the primary methods of reducing the incidence of lung cancer. The limited success of efforts towards smoking cessation have led to increasing interest in the role of nutrition in lung cancer prevention. One class of nutrients that has attracted attention as

Comparative aspects of carotenoids and retinoids as chemopreventive agents for cancer.

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Retinoids are well established chemopreventive agents for experimental carcinogenesis of many target organs including mammary gland, urinary bladder, lung, skin, liver, pancreas, colon and esophagus. Modification of the basic retinoid structure has produced analogs with enhanced target organ

Vitamin A, retinoids and carotenoids as chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer.

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OBJECTIVE Evidence is examined for the use of vitamin A, retinoids and carotenoids as chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. METHODS Studies in in vitro and animal experimental models as well as in human observational (epidemiologic) and experimental studies are reviewed. RESULTS There is

Antioxidants, carotenoids, and risk of rectal cancer.

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Numerous properties suggest that antioxidants and carotenoids may be valuable chemopreventive agents. A population-based case-control study of 952 rectal cancer cases and 1,205 controls from Northern California and Utah was conducted between September 1997 and February 2002. Detailed diet history,

The selective cytotoxic effect of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol on human cancer cell lines in vitro.

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This study compares the toxic effects of the carotenoids, beta-carotene and canthaxanthin, and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on human tumor cells and their normal counterparts in vitro. Seven different malignant cell lines were examined: oral carcinoma (two cell lines), breast (two cell lines), lung

Proposed criteria for assessing the efficacy of cancer reduction by plant foods enriched in carotenoids, glucosinolates, polyphenols and selenocompounds.

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OBJECTIVE The cancer-protective properties of vegetable consumption are most likely mediated through 'bioactive compounds' that induce a variety of physiologic functions including acting as direct or indirect antioxidants, regulating enzymes and controlling apoptosis and the cell cycle. The

Intake of specific carotenoids and lung cancer risk.

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Using newly available food composition data for carotenoids, the authors reanalyzed a population-based case-control study of diet and lung cancer conducted in Hawaii in 1983-1985 (L. Le Marchand et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81: 1158-1164, 1989). The analysis included interviews with 230 men and

Dietary carotenoids, vegetables, and lung cancer risk in women: the Missouri women's health study (United States).

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OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of specific dietary carotenoids and their primary plant food sources on lung cancer risk in a population-based case-control study of women. METHODS Data were available for 587 incident primary lung cancer cases and 624 controls frequency matched to cases based on age.

Carotenoid analysis of several dark-green leafy vegetables associated with a lower risk of cancers.

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We have examined the carotenoid contents of several dark green vegetables found to be associated with a lower risk of various epithelial cancers in our epidemiological study and animal study. Samples of these vegetables were quantitatively examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on

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