cowpox/tyrosine

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Mapping the active-site tyrosine of vaccinia virus DNA topoisomerase I.

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Site-directed mutagenesis of the vaccinia virus gene encoding a type I DNA topoisomerase implicates Tyr-274 as the active-site residue that forms a covalent adduct with DNA during cycles of DNA-strand breakage and reunion. Replacement of Tyr-274 by phenylalanine results in loss of the ability of the

A selective Seoul-Fluor-based bioprobe, SfBP, for vaccinia H1-related phosphatase--a dual-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase.

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We report a Seoul-Fluor-based bioprobe, SfBP, for selective monitoring of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). A rational design based on the structures at the active site of dual-specific PTPs can enable SfBP to selectively monitor the activity of these PTPs with a 93-fold change in brightness.

Vaccinia virus activation of CCR5 invokes tyrosine phosphorylation signaling events that support virus replication.

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Vaccinia virus, a poxvirus, produces structurally distinct forms of virions for which the immediate events following cell entry are ill-defined. We provide evidence that intracellular mature virus (IMV) enters both permissive and nonpermissive T-cell lines and that introduction of CCR5 into

Vaccinia virus growth factor stimulates tyrosine protein kinase activity of A431 cell epidermal growth factor receptors.

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Infection of A431 cells with vaccinia virus, or exposure to a mitogenic polypeptide secreted by vaccinia virus-infected cells, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptors.

The vaccinia virus A33R protein provides a chaperone function for viral membrane localization and tyrosine phosphorylation of the A36R protein.

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The products of the A33R and A36R genes of vaccinia virus are incorporated into the membranes of intracellular enveloped virions (IEV). When extracts of cells that had been infected with vaccinia virus and labeled with H(3)(32)PO(4) were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against the A33R protein,

Mutational and kinetic evaluation of conserved His-123 in dual specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase vaccinia H1-related phosphatase: participation of Tyr-78 and Thr-73 residues in tuning the orientation of His-123.

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Active-site cysteine strategically positioned in the P-loop of protein-tyrosine phosphatases has been suggested to be further stabilized by hydrogen bonding arrays radiating out from the P-loop to neighboring residues. In this work, we investigated the structural role of histidine array in

Mutations in the vaccinia virus A33R and B5R envelope proteins that enhance release of extracellular virions and eliminate formation of actin-containing microvilli without preventing tyrosine phosphorylation of the A36R protein.

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The spread of vaccinia virus in cell cultures is mediated by virions that adhere to the tips of specialized actin-containing microvilli and also by virions that are released into the medium. The use of a small plaque-forming A36R gene deletion mutant to select spontaneous second-site mutants

Tyrosine phosphorylation of A17 during vaccinia virus infection: involvement of the H1 phosphatase and the F10 kinase.

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Vaccinia virus encodes two protein kinases (B1 and F10) and a dual-specificity phosphatase (VH1), suggesting that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of substrates on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues are important in regulating diverse aspects of the viral life cycle. Using a recombinant in

Analogues of vaccinia virus DNA topoisomerase I modified at the active site tyrosine.

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The mechanism of type IB topoisomerase-mediated DNA relaxation was studied by modification of vaccinia topoisomerase I at the active site tyrosine (position 274) with several tyrosine analogues. These analogues had varied steric, electronic, and stereochemical features to permit assessment of those

Tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 by vaccinia virus growth factor.

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Vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), a highly glycosylated polypeptide encoded in the genome of vaccinia virus, shares amino acid sequence homology and functional properties with cellular growth factors, EGF and TGF-alpha. Although the mitogenic activity of the purified or synthetic VGF suggested

Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus mimics receptor tyrosine kinase signalling.

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Studies of the actin-based motility of the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri have provided important insight into the events occurring at the leading edges of motile cells. Like the bacteria Listeria and Shigella, vaccinia virus, a relative of the causative agent

Dimerization of Vaccinia virus VH1 is essential for dephosphorylation of STAT1 at tyrosine 701.

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The gene product of Vaccinia virus gene H1, VH1, is the first identified dual specificity phosphatase (DSP). The human genome encodes 38 different VH1-like DSPs, which include major regulators of signaling pathways, highly dysregulated in disease states. VH1 down-regulates cellular antiviral

Replacement of the active site tyrosine of vaccinia DNA topoisomerase by glutamate, cysteine or histidine converts the enzyme into a site-specific endonuclease.

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Vaccinia topoisomerase forms a covalent protein-DNA intermediate at 5'-CCCTT downward arrow sites in duplex DNA. The T downward arrow nucleotide is linked via a 3'-phosphodiester bond to Tyr-274 of the enzyme. Here, we report that mutant enzymes containing glutamate, cysteine or histidine in lieu of

Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not Listeria or Shigella.

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Studies of the actin-based motility of pathogens have provided important insights into the events occurring at the leading edge of motile cells [1] [2] [3]. To date, several actin-cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been implicated in the motility of Listeria or Shigella: vasodilator-stimulated

High level protein expression in mammalian cells using a safe viral vector: modified vaccinia virus Ankara.

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Vaccinia virus vectors are attractive tools to direct high level protein synthesis in mammalian cells. In one of the most efficient strategies developed so far, the gene to be expressed is positioned downstream of a bacteriophage T7 promoter within the vaccinia genome and transcribed by the T7 RNA

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