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A novel cystine based antioxidant attenuates oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver pathologies and is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which a novel cystine based glutathione precursor with added selenomethionine (F1) prevents hepatic

Pilot randomized controlled trial of a Mediterranean diet or diet supplemented with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice in overweight or obese US adults.

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UNASSIGNED The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a Mediterranean-type diet as one of three healthful eating patterns. However, only one previous trial has evaluated the effects of a Mediterranean diet intervention in a US sample population. UNASSIGNED To address this gap, we

Altered plasma free amino acid levels in obese traumatized man.

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Obesity is a major nutritional disorder that produces many abnormal metabolic responses. The effect of injury-induced stresses acting synergistically with the state of excessive body fat is not well known. Plasma levels of circulating free amino acids reflect the net status of protein breakdown and

GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomic profiling of estrogen deficiency-induced obesity in ovariectomized rats.

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OBJECTIVE To explore the alteration of endogenous metabolites and identify potential biomarkers using metabolomic profiling with gas chromatography coupled a time-of-flight mass analyzer (GC/TOF-MS) in a rat model of estrogen-deficiency-induced obesity. METHODS Twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats six

Amino acid mixture acutely improves the glucose tolerance of healthy overweight adults.

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Certain amino acids have been reported to influence carbohydrate metabolism and blood glucose clearance, as well as improve the glucose tolerance in animal models. We hypothesized that an amino acid mixture consisting of isoleucine and 4 additional amino acids would improve the glucose response of

Kidney stone composition in overweight and obese patients: a preliminary report.

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OBJECTIVE To report preliminary information on urinary stone composition in patients who are either overweight or obese with kidney stone disease. METHODS A cohort of patients (n = 138) with nephrolithiasis were prospectively followed from January 2011 for 18 months. Of those, 64 (46%) were found to

A key role for mitochondria in endothelial signaling by plasma cysteine/cystine redox potential.

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The redox potential of the plasma cysteine/cystine couple (E(h)CySS) is oxidized in association with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including age, smoking, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and alcohol abuse. Previous in vitro findings support a cause-effect relationship for extracellular

Discovery and characterization of pseudocyclic cystine-knot α-amylase inhibitors with high resistance to heat and proteolytic degradation.

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes are chronic metabolic diseases, and those affected could benefit from the use of α-amylase inhibitors to manage starch intake. The pseudocyclics, wrightides Wr-AI1 to Wr-AI3, isolated from an Apocynaceae plant show promise for further development as orally active

Urinary calculi composed of uric acid, cystine, and mineral salts: differentiation with dual-energy CT at a radiation dose comparable to that of intravenous pyelography.

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OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate radiation dose, image quality, and the ability to differentiate urinary calculi of differing compositions by using low-dose dual-energy computed tomography (CT). METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study; informed consent was

AMINO ACID LEVELS IN PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME AND OBESE INDIVIDUALS.

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To determine if certain features (e.g., hypopigmentation) seen in persons with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) may be reflected in abnormalities of amino acid metabolism, fasting plasma amino acid levels were measured from 25 patients and compared with those in 17 obese individuals. Thirteen of the

The cystine/glutamate antiporter regulates dendritic cell differentiation and antigen presentation.

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The major cellular antioxidant glutathione is depleted during HIV infection and in obesity. Although the consequence of glutathione depletion on immune function is starting to emerge, it is currently not known whether glutathione dysregulation influences the differentiation and maturation of

Plasma concentrations of free amino acids during 3 weeks treatment of massively obese children with a very low calorie diet.

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Eight grossly obese children (2 girls, 8 boys, age 12.6 +/- 2.1 mean +/- SD years, mean overweight 73.3 +/- 14%) were treated for 3 weeks with a very low calorie diet (VLCD), containing 1022 kJ/240 kcal, 33 g protein, 25.5 g carbohydrate and 0.7 g fat/day. Mean weight loss after 3 weeks was 9.47 +/-

Emerging perspectives on essential amino acid metabolism in obesity and the insulin-resistant state.

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Dysregulation of insulin action is most often considered in the context of impaired glucose homeostasis, with the defining feature of diabetes mellitus being elevated blood glucose concentration. Complications arising from the hyperglycemia accompanying frank diabetes are well known and

Obese rats exhibit high levels of fat necrosis and isoprostanes in taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis.

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BACKGROUND Obesity is a prognostic factor for severity in acute pancreatitis in humans. Our aim was to assess the role of oxidative stress and abdominal fat in the increased severity of acute pancreatitis in obese rats. METHODS Taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis was performed in lean and obese

Metabolomic analysis of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: amino acid and acylcarnitine levels change along a spectrum of metabolic wellness.

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UNASSIGNED Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a construct used to separate "healthy" from "unhealthy" obese patients, and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. There is controversy over whether obese "metabolically well" persons have a higher morbidity and mortality

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