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A new substance effective against transplantable tumors in vivo: L-cystine-bis-(N,N-beta-chloroethyl)-hydrazide.

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It is shown that L-cystine-bis-(N,N-beta-chloroethyl)-hydrazide-hydro-bromide possesses strong (50-100%) inhibitory effect in vivo against myeloma P-8, carcinosarcoma Walker, lymphosarcoma Pliss, sarcoma Yoshida, sarcoma Jensen and sarcoma 180 in doses 5-12 mg/kg/day. No suppression of the growth of

Early primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer and detection of recurrence by serum cystine aminopeptidase assay.

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The aim of this study was to correlate the relationship between serum cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) activity in normal patients and that in patients with primary ovarian cancer of recurrence. Sera obtained from 63 patients and evaluated for CAP activity by the method of Babuna and Yenen were grouped

Evaluation of a (64)Cu-labeled cystine-knot peptide based on agouti-related protein for PET of tumors expressing alphavbeta3 integrin.

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Recently, a truncated form of the agouti-related protein (AgRP), a 4-kDa cystine-knot peptide of human origin, was used as a scaffold to engineer mutants that bound to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin with high affinity and specificity. In this study, we evaluated the potential of engineered

Size-dependent effect of cystine/citric acid-capped confeito-like gold nanoparticles on cellular uptake and photothermal cancer therapy.

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Physiochemical changes, including size, are known to affect gold nanoparticle cellular internalization and treatment efficacy. Here, we report the effect of four sizes of cystine/citric acid-coated confeito-like gold nanoparticles (confeito-AuNPs) (30, 60, 80 and 100nm) on cellular uptake,

Monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cell death in melanoma tumors by N,N'-Didansyl-L-cystine.

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Early assessment of the efficacy of anticancer agents is a highly desirable and an unmet need in clinical oncology. Clinical imaging of cell-death may be useful in addressing this need, as induction of tumor cell-death is the primary mechanism of action of most anticancer drugs. In this study, we

l-Cystine-Crosslinked Polypeptide Nanogel as a Reduction-Responsive Excipient for Prostate Cancer Chemotherapy.

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Smart polymer nanogel-assisted drug delivery systems have attracted more and more attention in cancer chemotherapy because of their well-defined morphologies and pleiotropic functions in recent years. In this work, an l-cystine-crosslinked reduction-responsive polypeptide nanogel of methoxy

Downregulation of cystine transporter xc by irinotecan in human head and neck cancer FaDu xenografts.

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BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was: (1) to document the critical requirement of cystine for growth of human tumor cells in vitro, and (2) to determine the effect of the anticancer agent irinotecan on the cystine transporter x(c)(-) in head and neck FaDu xenografts. METHODS Cell growth was

Hydrogen peroxide from cellular metabolism of cystine. A requirement for lysis of murine tumor cells by vernolepin, a glutathione-depleting antineoplastic.

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The sesquiterpene lactone antineoplastic vernolepin acutely depletes murine tumor cell glutathione (GSH), and lyses the cells by an unknown mechanism that is enhanced synergistically by inhibition of GSH synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (Arrick et al. 1983. J. Clin. Invest. 71:258). We

Engineering agatoxin, a cystine-knot peptide from spider venom, as a molecular probe for in vivo tumor imaging.

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BACKGROUND Cystine-knot miniproteins, also known as knottins, have shown great potential as molecular scaffolds for the development of targeted therapeutics and diagnostic agents. For this purpose, previous protein engineering efforts have focused on knottins based on the Ecballium elaterium trypsin

The x(c)- cystine/glutamate antiporter: a potential target for therapy of cancer and other diseases.

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The x(c) (-) cystine/glutamate antiporter is a major plasma membrane transporter for the cellular uptake of cystine in exchange for intracellular glutamate. Its main functions in the body are mediation of cellular cystine uptake for synthesis of glutathione essential for cellular protection from

Co-assembly of curcumin and a cystine bridged peptide to construct tumor-responsive nano-micelles for efficient chemotherapy.

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The effective uptake and release of hydrophobic antitumor drugs in cancer cells is a practical challenge for tumor chemotherapy. Many methods were developed to conquer it through modifying drug molecules with hydrophilic groups, or fabricating nanodrugs based on hydrophilic materials. In recent

Targeting xCT, a cystine-glutamate transporter induces apoptosis and tumor regression for KSHV/HIV-associated lymphoma.

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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which represents a rapidly progressing malignancy arising in HIV-infected patients. Conventional chemotherapy for PEL treatment induces unwanted toxicity and is ineffective--PEL continues to

Loss of the cystine/glutamate antiporter in melanoma abrogates tumor metastasis and markedly increases survival rates of mice

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The cystine/glutamate antiporter, system x_c ^- , is essential for the efficient uptake of cystine into cells. Interest in the mechanisms of system x_c ^- function soared with the recognition that system x_c ^- presents the most upstream

99mTc-labeled cystine knot peptide targeting integrin αvβ6 for tumor SPECT imaging.

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Integrin αvβ6 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and its expression is often associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need to develop affinity reagents for noninvasive imaging of integrin αvβ6 expression since it may provide early cancer diagnosis, more accurate prognosis, and

Genetic Ablation of the Cystine Transporter xCT in PDAC Cells Inhibits mTORC1, Growth, Survival, and Tumor Formation via Nutrient and Oxidative Stresses.

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Although chemoresistance remains a primary challenge in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), exploiting oxidative stress might offer novel therapeutic clues. Here we explored the potential of targeting cystine/glutamate exchanger (SLC7A11/xCT), which contributes to the

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