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The human relevance of the renal tumor-inducing potential of d-limonene in male rats: implications for risk assessment.

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The monoterpene d-limonene is a naturally occurring chemical which is the major component in oil of orange. Currently, d-limonene is widely used as a flavor and fragrance and is listed to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food by the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60 in the Code of

Inhibition of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer implanted in nude mice by d-limonene.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of d-limonene on the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer in vivo. METHODS Metastatic model simulating human gastric cancer was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human tumor tissue into gastric wall of nude mice. One

D-limonene rich volatile oil from blood oranges inhibits angiogenesis, metastasis and cell death in human colon cancer cells.

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OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical constituents of volatile oil from blood orange (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck) and understand the possible mechanisms of inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation. METHODS Volatile oil was obtained from blood oranges by hydro-distillation. Nineteen compounds were

Induction of apoptosis by D-limonene is mediated by inactivation of Akt in LS174T human colon cancer cells.

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D-limonene is recognized as a potential chemotherapeutic agent, however, the details of this mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of d-limonene on colon cancer cell viability and its potential mechanism of action in vitro. After 48 h of treatment, d-limonene

The presence of alpha 2u-globulin is necessary for d-limonene promotion of male rat kidney tumors.

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In a 2-year carcinogenesis bioassay, d-limonene (dL) induced kidney tumors in male F344 rats, but not in female F344 rats or either sex of mice, d-Limonene-1,2-oxide, a metabolite of dL, has been shown to bind reversibly the male rat-specific urinary protein, alpha2u-globulin (alpha 2u-G), lysosomal

Human metabolism of the experimental cancer therapeutic agent d-limonene.

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d-Limonene has efficacy in preclinical models of breast cancer, causing > 80% of carcinomas to regress with little host toxicity. We performed a pilot study on healthy human volunteers to identify plasma metabolites of limonene and to assess the toxicity of supradietary quantities of d-limonene.

d -Limonene sensitizes docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells: Generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis.

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BACKGROUND Clinical trials have shown that docetaxel combined with other novel agents can improve the survival of androgen-independent prostate cancer patients. d -Limonene, a non-nutrient dietary component, has been found to inhibit various cancer cell growths without toxicity. We sought to

d-limonene exhibits antitumor activity by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer.

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UNASSIGNED d-limonene is a plant extract with widespread application, and it has been recently reported to have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which d-limonene achieves these effects, especially in lung cancer, are not entirely clear.

Involvement of YY1 and its correlation with c-myc in NDEA induced hepatocarcinogenesis, its prevention by d-limonene.

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Anticarcinogenic activity of d-limonene has been well documented within last few years. We have also reported the anticarcinogenic activity of d-limonene in N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The involvement of oncogenes which adds to the mechanisms of d-limonene mediated

Pharmacokinetics of perillic acid in humans after a single dose administration of a citrus preparation rich in d-limonene content.

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d-Limonene, a monoterpene, is widely distributed as a natural nonnutritive constituent of a variety of foods and volatile oils, particularly citrus oils. d-Limonene and its derived metabolites have been shown to possess cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive efficacy in various preclinical

Development of a questionnaire and a database for assessing dietary d-limonene intake.

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OBJECTIVE Increasing recognition of the potential importance of phytochemicals in the aetiology of cancer and heart diseases has highlighted the need for methods to measure individual phytochemical consumption that are sufficiently simple to be used in large epidemiological studies and whose

Oral administration of d-limonene controls inflammation in rat colitis and displays anti-inflammatory properties as diet supplementation in humans.

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OBJECTIVE To further explore the anti-inflammatory properties of d-Limonene. METHODS A rat model was used to compare evolution of TNBS (2,5,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-induced colitis after oral feeding with d-Limonene compared to ibuprofen. Peripheral levels of TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor

Tumor promoters induce inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in mouse epidermal cells by affecting the localization of connexin43 and E-cadherin.

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The molecular and histological effects of tumor promoters on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) were studied in three mouse epidermal cell types, representing different stages of tumor formation. GJIC was inhibited by most of the studied compounds (l-ethionine, d-limonene,

The role of alpha2u-globulin in ochratoxin A induced renal toxicity and tumors in F344 rats.

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The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) was shown to be a potent kidney carcinogen in rats demonstrating a marked sex difference in the response. Compared to female rats, male rats had a 10-fold higher incidence of kidney carcinomas. The objective of this study was to investigate whether this sex

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of d-Limonene (CAS No. 5989-27-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

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Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of d-limonene, a naturally occurring monoterpene found in many volatile oils, especially in citrus oils, were conducted because of its widespread use as a flavor and fragrance additive for food and household cleaning products and its increasing use as an

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