diterpene/kukurica siata

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Functional Characterization of Two Class II Diterpene Synthases Indicates Additional Specialized Diterpenoid Pathways in Maize (Zea mays).

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As a major staple food, maize (Zea mays) is critical to food security. Shifting environmental pressures increasingly hamper crop defense capacities, causing expanded harvest loss. Specialized labdane-type diterpenoids are key components of maize chemical defense and ecological adaptation. Labdane

Evolution of Labdane-Related Diterpene Synthases in Cereals

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Gibberellins (GAs) are labdane-related diterpenoid phytohormones that regulate various aspects of higher plant growth. A biosynthetic intermediate of GAs is ent-kaurene, a tetra-cyclic diterpene that is produced through successive cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate catalyzed by the two

Functional Diversity of Diterpene Synthases in the Biofuel Crop Switchgrass.

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Diterpenoids constitute a diverse class of metabolites with critical functions in plant development, defense, and ecological adaptation. Major monocot crops, such as maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), deploy diverse blends of specialized diterpenoids as core components of biotic and abiotic

Biosynthesis and function of terpenoid defense compounds in maize (Zea mays).

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UNASSIGNED Maize produces an array of herbivore-induced terpene volatiles that attract parasitoids to infested plants and a suite of pathogen-induced non-volatile terpenoids with antimicrobial activity to defend against pests. Plants rely on complex blends of constitutive and dynamically produced

CYP701A26 is characterized as an ent-kaurene oxidase with putative involvement in maize gibberellin biosynthesis.

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OBJECTIVE To characterize the ent-kaurene oxidase (KO) involved in maize (Zea mays) gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. RESULTS Two putative KO genes were identified in maize based on the homologous alignment. Biochemical characterization indicated that one of them encoded a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

A survey of plants responsible for causing irritant contact dermatitis in the Amathole district, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

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BACKGROUND Potentially harmful plants grow almost everywhere, hence, it is not practical to eradicate them all. However, a basic understanding of adverse cutaneous reactions and the common plants that cause each type can enable vulnerable individuals to discover the source of their dermatitis and

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products.

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Diterpenoids form a diverse class of small molecule natural products that are widely distributed across the kingdoms of life and have critical biological functions in developmental processes, interorganismal interactions, and environmental adaptation. Due to these various bioactivities, many

Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.

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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors play a pivotal role in metazoan lipid and glucose homeostasis. Synthetic activators of PPARalpha (fibrates) and PPARgamma (glitazones) are therefore widely used for treatment of dislipidemia and diabetes, respectively. There is growing evidence for

Specialized diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops: Biosynthesis and chemical diversity.

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Among the myriad specialized metabolites that plants employ to mediate interactions with their environment, diterpenoids form a chemically diverse group with vital biological functions. A few broadly abundant diterpenoids serve as core pathway intermediates in plant general metabolism. The majority

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize.

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Terpenoids are a major component of maize (Zea mays) chemical defenses that mediate responses to herbivores, pathogens, and other environmental challenges. Here, we describe the biosynthesis and elicited production of a class of maize diterpenoids, named dolabralexins. Dolabralexin biosynthesis

Sweeteners from plants--with emphasis on Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) and Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle).

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In addition to their widely recognized use as dietary supplement ingredients, plant-derived compounds are increasingly used as natural sweeteners. The search for nonnutritive sweeteners has been stimulated over the last 20-30 years by concern over demonstrated or suspected relationships between

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