glutamate decarboxylase/nekróza

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Potential autoantigens in IDDM. Expression of carboxypeptidase-H and insulin but not glutamate decarboxylase on the beta-cell surface.

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Insulin, carboxypeptidase-H (CP-H), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) have been identified as potential autoantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Previous studies have described immunoreactive insulin as a surface molecule on the plasma membrane of rat islet cells and suggested

Cytokine regulation of glutamate decarboxylase biosynthesis in isolated rat islets of Langerhans.

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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease in which cytokines are thought to play an important role in beta-cell destruction and immune regulation. A major target of beta-cell autoimmunity in IDDM is the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). We hypothesized that cytokines in

Cytokine mRNA induction by interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro and in vivo.

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Hypothalamic and cortical mRNA levels for cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are impacted by systemic treatments of IL1beta and TNFalpha. To investigate the time course of the

Brain tumour necrosis factor-alpha modulates neurotransmitters in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in heart failure.

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OBJECTIVE Increased proinflammatory cytokines after myocardial infarction augment the progression of heart failure (HF) and are of prognostic significance. Recently, we demonstrated that increased proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of HF rats increased paraventricular nucleus (PVN) superoxide

beta-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine: action on high-affinity transport of neurotransmitters in rat brain and spinal cord synaptosomes.

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beta-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) is a dicarboxylic diamino acid present in Lathyrus sativus (chickling pea). Excessive oral intake of this legume in remote areas of the world causes humans and animals to develop a type of spastic paraparesis known as lathyrism. BOAA is one of several neuroactive

Therapies to Preserve β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes.

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In spite of modern techniques, the burden for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus will not disappear, and type 1 diabetes will remain a life-threatening disease causing severe complications and increased mortality. We have to learn of ways to stop the destructive process, preserve residual

Neurotoxic factors released by stimulated human monocytes and THP-1 cells.

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Activated monocytes/macrophages are known to release toxic materials. Identification of these materials is important for developing more effective treatments for inflammatory disorders where self attack occurs. We stimulated human monocytes and THP-1 cells with LPS/IFNγ and measured the toxic

Cytokine regulation of nerve growth factor-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity synthesized by astrocytes and fibroblasts.

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The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these

Kainic acid induced seizures: neurochemical and histopathological changes.

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Behavioural, histopathological and neurochemical changes induced by systemic injection of kainic acid (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were investigated in rats. The most pronounced behavioural changes were strong immobility ("catatonia"), increased incidence of "wet dog shakes", and long-lasting generalized

Paraventricular nucleus corticotrophin releasing hormone contributes to sympathoexcitation via interaction with neurotransmitters in heart failure.

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Recent studies indicate that systemic administration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces increases in corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and CRH type 1 receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In this study, we explored the hypothesis that CRH in the PVN contributes to

Negative effects of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease on diabetes mellitus.

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Periodontal disease is the result of a complex interplay of bacterial infection and host responses, and is often modified by various systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Such diseases are capable of affecting the periodontium and/or the treatment of periodontal disease. However, recent

Kainic acid neurotoxicity; effect of systemic injection on neurotransmitter markers in different brain regions.

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Systemic injection of kainic acid (12 mg/kg) induces necrosis and neuronal degeneration in several brain regions. The most pronounced effects were observed in the piriform cortex, amygdaloid complex, hippocampus and septum. A good correlation between morphological changes and changes in some

TNF-α in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to sympathoexcitation in heart failure by modulating AT1 receptor and neurotransmitters.

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Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, augment the progression of heart failure (HF) that is characterized by sympathoexcitation. In this study, we explored the role of TNF-α in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the exaggerated sympathetic activity observed

Traumatic injury induces differential expression of cell death genes in organotypic brain slice cultures determined by complementary DNA array hybridization.

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The expression of a large panel of selected genes hypothesized to play a central role in post-traumatic cell death was shown to be differentially altered in response to a precisely controlled, mechanical injury applied to an organotypic slice culture of the rat brain. Within 48 h of injury, the

Expression of neuronal and signaling proteins in penumbra around a photothrombotic infarction core in rat cerebral cortex.

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Photodynamic impact on animal cerebral cortex using water-soluble Bengal Rose as a photosensitizer, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier and remains in blood vessels, induces platelet aggregation, vessel occlusion, and brain tissue infarction. This reproduces ischemic stroke. Irreversible

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