Oral pyridoxine, 30- 50 mg/kg/day in one daily dose (powder form)for a period of four weeks followed by cross-over to Phenytoin arm for another four weeks

Phenytoin Oral, 5 mg/kg/day in two equally divided doses(powder form)for a period of four weeks and then cross-over to Pyridoxine arm for another four weeks

Sodium valproate oral, 10 - 15 mg/kg/day once daily powder form)for a period of four weeks and then cross-over to placebo arm for another four weeks

Placebo will consist of an inert substance (e.g., gelatin) with an appearance similar to medication in similar dosage as the study arms for a period of 4 weeks and subsequent cross-over to Sodium Valproate arm

Nodding Syndrome

Pyridoxine

Sodium Valproate

Phenytoin

Placebo

Kitgum Nodding Syndrome Treatment Center, Kitgum General Hospital

Treatment of Nodding Syndrome - A Randomized Blinded Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Oral Pyridoxine and Conventional Anti-Epileptic Therapy, in Northern Uganda - 2012

Change (Reduction) in frequency of observed head nodding or other seizure activity episodes among children with NS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Ministry of Health, Uganda

Schizophrenia

Sarcosine group patients will receive 2 grams of sarcosine once a day in the morning for 6 months.
Placebo group patients will receive 2 grams of placebo once a day in the morning for 6 months.

Sarcosine

Central Clinical Hospital

Effect of Sarcosine on Symptomatology, Quality of Life, Oxidative Stress and Glutamatergic Parameters in Schizophrenia

Effect of Sarcosine on Symptomatology, Quality of Life, Cognitive and Sexual Functioning, Blood Levels of Sarcosine, Glycine, BDNF and MMP-9, Oculomotor, Brain Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Schizophrenia.

Both arms, before and after taking sarcosine or placebo

Dominik Strzelecki MD PhD

Principal Investigator

Medical Universtity of Lodz

Phyloquinone

Total

All Participants were community dwelling post-menopausal women

Sex: Female, Male

BMD was measured yearly on one scanner at UHN using DEXA Hologic 4500A densitometer

Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) Between Treatment Arms.

Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the Femoral Neck Between Treatment Arms.

Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the Ultra-distal Radius Between Treatment Arms.

measured by osteocalcin on elecsys platform

Effect of Vitamin K1 Supplementation on Levels of Bone Formation Marker

measured by CTX Elisa assay on elecsys platform

Effect of Vitamin K1 Supplementation on Level of Bone Resorption Markers (C-telopeptide: CTX)

measured by osteocalcin hydroxyapatite binding assay

Effect of Vitamin K1 Supplementation on Percent of Carboxylation of Osteocalcin

Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the Total Hip Between Treatment Arms.

These include hospitalizations for pneumonia, heart failure, gastro-intestinal bleeding, elective and non-elective surgery, cancer and death.

glutamic acid/atrofia

Treatment of Nodding Syndrome - A Randomized Blinded Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Oral Pyridoxine and Conventional Anti-Epileptic Therapy, in Northern Uganda - 2012

Effect of Sarcosine on Symptomatology, Quality of Life, Oxidative Stress and Glutamatergic Parameters in Schizophrenia

Vitamin K Supplementation in Post-Menopausal Osteopenia

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