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[Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its lactone (GBL) as psychoactive substances].

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Gammabutyrolactone is included in the solvent such as wheel cleaners, pesticides, cosmetics, drugs. After ingestion GBL is converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Both substances are classified as so called "club drugs" and their action is characterized by euphoria, sedation, and induction of retrograde

Cytotoxicity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones, Ivalin and Parthenolide in Murine Muscle Cell Lines and Their Effect on Desmin, a Cytoskeletal Intermediate Filament

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Vermeersiekte or "vomiting disease" is an economically important disease of ruminants following ingestion of Geigeria (G.) species in South Africa. Sheep are more susceptible, and poisoning is characterized by stiffness, regurgitation, bloat, paresis, and paralysis. Various

The development of an ELISA-assay for semi-quantitative detection of dihydrogriesenin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Geigeria.

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Certain species of Geigeria contain sesquiterpene lactones which cause vomiting disease in sheep. Dihydrogriesenin (DHG), a sesquiterpene lactone from G. asperta, contains an alpha-methylene function which can spontaneously react with thiol groups on proteins to form a covalent adduct. A specific

Santamarin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Saussurea lappa, represses LPS-induced inflammatory responses via expression of heme oxygenase-1 in murine macrophage cells.

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Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke (Compositae) is indigenous to India and Pakistan. The dried root of S. lappa has been traditionally used for alleviating pain in abdominal distention and tenesmus, indigestion with anorexia, dysentery, nausea, and vomiting. Santamarin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated

DX-8951f: summary of phase I clinical trials.

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Exatecan mesylate (DX-8951f) is a new hexacyclic camptothecin analogue with favorable attributes compared to topotecan and CPT-11, including watersolubility, greater potency against topoisomerase I, lack of esterase-dependent activation, broad antitumor activity, and low cross-resistance against

Safety evaluation of orally administered afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime in eight-week-old dogs.

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The safety profile of afoxolaner (an isoxazoline molecule) when combined with milbemycin oxime (a macrocyclic lactone) was evaluated according to the regulatory requirements when administered six times orally in a soft chewable formulation at a dose of at least 1×, 3×, or 5× the maximum exposure

Phase I and pharmacological study of a new camptothecin derivative, exatecan mesylate (DX-8951f), infused over 30 minutes every three weeks.

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OBJECTIVE A Phase I study of exatecan, a new water-soluble camptothecin derivative, was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and a recommended dose, according to an internationally standardized core protocol. Pharmacological profiles of lactone and total (lactone + carboxylate) exatecan

Alternative administration of camptothecin analogues.

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The binding of camptothecin (CPT) to the DNA-topoisomerase complex is reversible, but it needs to be maintained for maximal inhibitory activity. It is also dependent on the chemical structure of CPT. The lactone form is thought to be necessary for the activity. In human serum, the equilibrium

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of topotecan in a phase I trial of topotecan, tamoxifen, and carboplatin, in the treatment of recurrent or refractory brain or spinal cord tumors.

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OBJECTIVE This study was designed to ascertain the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximally tolerated doses of the combination of fixed-dose tamoxifen and carboplatin, with escalating doses of topotecan, and to determine the pharmacokinetics of topotecan in the plasma and cerebrospinal

[Star anise poisoning in infants].

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Star anise is used as herbal tea, for the treatment of colicky pain in infants. It may cause neurological troubles. METHODS We report 2 cases of star anise poisoning in infants before 6 months of age. Star anise herbal tea was given by parents. Tremors or spasms, hypertonia, hyperexcitability with

Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of topotecan administered orally once daily for 5 days for 2 consecutive weeks to pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors.

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OBJECTIVE We conducted a phase I trial of the injectable formulation of topotecan given orally once daily for 5 days for 2 consecutive weeks (qd x 5 x 2) in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors. METHODS Cohorts of two to six patients received oral topotecan at 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.3

Structural elucidation and analysis of thermal degradation products of the Fusarium mycotoxin nivalenol.

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The major class of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moulds are trichothecenes, a large group of sesquiterpenes sharing the same basic chemical structure, a 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene ring system. Their toxic effects range from causing diarrhoea, vomiting and gastro-intestinal inflammation to

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in biological specimens by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.

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A simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure for the analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in biological fluids without conversion to its lactone, gamma-butyrolactone, is described. Following derivatization to its di-TMS derivative, GHB was detected using gas chromatography-electron impact mass

Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of weekly CPT-11.

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OBJECTIVE We conducted a phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of CPT-11 (irinotecan) to characterize the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor effects in patients with refractory solid malignancies. METHODS We treated 32 patients with CPT-11 administered as a

Phase I and pharmacologic study of 9-aminocamptothecin colloidal dispersion formulation in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia.

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OBJECTIVE Topoisomerase I inhibitors have shown promising anti leukemic activity in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. In this phase I study, we investigated the toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics, and activity of a prolonged continuous infusion schedule of the colloidal

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