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Nitrogen-15 NMR studies of nitrogen metabolism in Picea glauca buds.

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In vivo (15)N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as (15)N solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate nitrogen metabolism in cultured white spruce (Picea glauca) buds. Long-term as well as short-term experiments were carried out involving the use of

Influence of photoperiod and temperature on frost hardiness and free amino acid concentrations in black spruce seedlings.

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We investigated the effects of a 4-week exposure to an 8-h or 18-h photoperiod at 5 or 25 degrees C on the development of hardiness to -20 degrees C and the accumulation of proline (Pro), arginine (Arg) and tryptophan (Trp) in shoots of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings. The

Transgenic creeping bentgrass plants expressing a Picea wilsonii dehydrin gene (PicW) demonstrate improved freezing tolerance.

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Agrostis stolonifera L. 'Penn A-4' is a common creeping bentgrass species that is widely used in urban landscaping and golf courses. To prolong the green stage of this grass, a dehydrin gene PicW isolated from Wilson's spruce (Picea wilsonii) was transformed into plants of 'Penn A-4' cultivar via a

Norway spruce and spruce shoot aphid as indicators of traffic pollution.

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Two-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) seedlings were exposed to traffic emissions along roadsides with three different traffic densities and speed limits; highway, street and a quiet local road. The responses of the exposed seedlings as a host plant and those of spruce shoot aphid

Responses of spruce seedlings (Picea abies) to exhaust gas under laboratory conditions--I. Plant-insect interactions.

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The effects of motor vehicle exhaust gas on Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and plant-insect interaction of spruce shoot aphid (Cinara pilicornis Hartig) was studied. The exhaust gas concentrations in the fumigation chambers were monitored and controlled by measuring the

Two O-methyltransferases from Picea abies: characterization and molecular basis of different reactivity.

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O-Methyltransferase (OMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to hydroxyl groups of methyl acceptors. Two OMTs, PaOMT2 and PaOMT3, from Picea abies showed 93.5% identity at the amino acid level. However, PaOMT3 catalyzed the reaction more efficiently than PaOMT2

Elicitor-Induced Spruce Stress Lignin (Structural Similarity to Early Developmental Lignins).

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Suspension cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst released polymeric material into the culture medium when treated with an elicitor preparation from the spruce needle pathogen Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii. The presence of lignin (about 35%, w/w) was demonstrated by phloroglucinol/HCI reactivity and

Physiological responses of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings to drought stress.

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Four-year-old seedlings of Picea abies [L.] Karst (Norway spruce) were grown in semi-controlled conditions with three watering regimes. The seedlings in the control group (c) were watered to prevent any dehydration effect. The two remaining groups were subjected to mild (ms) and severe water stress

[Eco-physiological responses of Picea mongolica ecotypes to drought stress].

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The seedlings of different Picea mongolica ecotypes were treated with drought stress, and their height growth, MDA, proline, and chlorophyll content were investigated. The results showed that the height growth was obviously reduced by drought stress. With sufficient water supply, the height growth

Feeding preferences of eastern spruce budworm larvae in two-choice tests with extracts of mature foliage and with pure amino acids.

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The feeding preferences and feeding rates of eastern spruce budworm on extracts from mature foliage normally avoided by larvae indicate that the chemical composition of four major host plants does not account for this avoidance. Other factors such as the degree of lignification and/or moisture

The response of fine root morphological and physiological traits to added nitrogen in Schrenk's spruce (Picea schrenkiana) of the Tianshan mountains, China.

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Fine roots are essential for water and nutrient uptake in plants, but little is known about the variation in fine root traits and the underlying mechanisms that drive it. Understanding the responses of fine root function traits to changing environmental conditions and the role of fine root traits as

Douglas-fir seedlings exhibit metabolic responses to increased temperature and atmospheric drought.

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In the future, periods of strongly increased temperature in concert with drought (heat waves) will have potentially detrimental effects on trees and forests in Central Europe. Norway spruce might be at risk in the future climate of Central Europe. However, Douglas-fir is often discussed as an

Accumulation of free amino acids in the shoots and roots of three northern conifers during drought.

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The effects of drought on the free amino acid pools in 21- to 23-week-old seedlings of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britt.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were followed during soil drying. Although water and pressure potentials were sensitive

Discovery and characterization of a thermostable two-domain GH6 endoglucanase from a compost metagenome.

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Enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant polysaccharides plays a key role in accessing the renewable energy stored within lignocellulosic biomass, and natural biodiversities may be explored to discover microbial enzymes that have evolved to conquer this task in various environments. Here, a

Bioinformatic Identification and Analysis of Extensins in the Plant Kingdom.

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Extensins (EXTs) are a family of plant cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) that are implicated to play important roles in plant growth, development, and defense. Structurally, EXTs are characterized by the repeated occurrence of serine (Ser) followed by three to five prolines (Pro)

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