sarcopenia/hypoxia

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Does hypoxia play a role in the development of sarcopenia in humans? Mechanistic insights from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Expedition.

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Sarcopenia refers to the involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and is a predictor of physical disability/mortality. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, although roles for altered hypoxic signaling, oxidative stress, adipokines and inflammatory mediators have been suggested. Sarcopenia also occurs

Diagnostic reference values for sarcopenia in Tibetans in China.

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Sarcopenia is an age-associated disease characterized by loss of muscle mass and function, but the diagnostic cutoff values remain controversial. To investigate the diagnostic cutoff values and incidence of sarcopenia in a plateau population, the limb skeletal muscle mass, gait speed and grip

Sarcopenia Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

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Sarcopenia is frequently associated with chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. COPD, which is characterized by an irreversible airflow limitation, exacerbates respiratory distress as the disease progresses. The prevalence of sarcopenia in stable COPD was

Dysregulated homeostatic pathways in sarcopenia among frail older adults.

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Sarcopenia, a core feature of the physical frailty syndrome, is characterized by multisystem physiological dysregulation. No study has explored qualitatively the hierarchical network of relationships among different dysregulated pathways involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. We used 40 blood

Does a brief functional assessment in the emergency department predict outcomes of patients admitted with heart failure? The FASTER-HF study

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Background: Evaluation of patients with acute decompensated heart failure includes symptom review, biomarker measurement and comorbidity assessment. Early objective evaluation of functional status is generally not performed.

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Segmental Progeroid Syndrome.

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Segmental progeroid syndromes are commonly represented by genetic conditions which recapitulate aspects of physiological aging by similar, disparate, or unknown mechanisms. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene for ACVR1/ALK2 encoding

[Specificity of anemic syndrome in geriatric patients with chronic kidney disease.]

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Anemic syndrome is detected in 10-25% of geriatric patients, and with increasing age, there is a tendency to increase the incidence of the disease. Among the diseases that lead to the development of anemia, kidney pathology plays an important role. Progressive deterioration of kidney function in old

Body Composition and Endocrine Adaptations to High-Altitude Trekking in the Himalayas.

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Long-term exposure to high altitude causes adaptive changes in several blood biochemical markers along with a marked body mass reduction involving both the lean and fat components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of extended physical strain, due to extensive trekking at high

[Acute respiratory distress syndrome].

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Since its first description in 1967, a lot of progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This nosological entity is based on the appearance of a diffuse alveolar damage associating pulmonary epithelial barrier

Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases as a risk factor of the skeletal muscle dysfunction.

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Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) contributes to increased systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, hypercapnia and other risk factors of the skeletal muscle dysfunction.This study aimed to determine whether the frequency

Nutritional supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cachexia, sarcopenia, and weight loss, and may result in poorer pulmonary function, decreased exercise capacity, and increased risk of exacerbations. Providing nutritional supplementation is an important

Proteomic identification of biomarkers of skeletal muscle disorders.

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Disease-specific biomarkers play a central diagnostic and therapeutic role in muscle pathology. Serum levels of a variety of muscle-derived enzymes are routinely used for the detection of muscle damage in diagnostic procedures, as well as for the monitoring of physical training status in sports

The origin of intermuscular adipose tissue and its pathophysiological implications.

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The intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a depot of adipocytes located between muscle bundles. Several investigations have recently been carried out to define the phenotype, the functional characteristics, and the origin of the adipocytes present in this depot. Among the different mechanisms that

Role of defective Ca2+ signaling in skeletal muscle weakness: Pharmacological implications.

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The misbehaving attitude of Ca2+ signaling pathways could be the probable reason in many muscular disorders such as myopathies, systemic disorders like hypoxia, sepsis, cachexia, sarcopenia, heart failure, and dystrophy. The present review throws light upon the calcium flux regulating signaling

Beyond sports: Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in pathological or paraphysiological conditions of brain and muscle.

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Creatine is pivotal in energy metabolism of muscle and brain cells, both in physiological and in pathological conditions. Additionally, creatine facilitates the differentiation of muscle and neuronal cells. Evidence of effectiveness of creatine supplementation in improving several clinical

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