Postoperative pulmonary edema following vitrectomy in patients with ischemic heart disease and diastolic dysfunction in the post-anesthetic care unit: Two case reports

Rationale: The increasing incidence of cardiac comorbidities in the elderly population has led to an increasing demand for vigilance of cardiac dysfunction induced by surgery. Favorable outcomes can be ensured in such cases by an increased awareness of cardiogenic complications, early identification of the problem, and appropriate treatment.

Patient concerns: This study presents 2 cases of acute pulmonary edema (PE) that were likely caused by ischemic heart disease and diastolic dysfunction in postoperative patients, following vitrectomy, in the post-anesthetic care unit.

Diagnoses: Chest x-ray and computed tomography indicated PE.

Interventions: Following the diagnosis of PE, patients were intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit where 20 mg furosemide was injected and 10 μg/kg/min dobutamine was infused intravenously.

Outcomes: On postoperative day 2, the patients' vital signs were stable and there were no signs of respiratory disturbance.

Lessons: Physicians should be alert to the potential development of PE as a postoperative complication in patients with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and ischemic heart disease, even if the patient has undergone a procedure with mild hemodynamic change and minimal surgical stimulation such as vitrectomy. We propose that physicians treating elderly patients with LV diastolic dysfunction and ischemic heart disease undergoing vitrectomy should consider the use of intraoperative transthoracic echocardiogram or transesophageal echocardiogram with continuous monitoring of blood pressure, using devices such as arterial catheter devices.