Unravelling the Anticancer Potential of Functionalized chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines for Breast Cancer Treatment

A selection of new chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines was prepared from chromenylacrylonitriles and N-substituted piperazines, using a novel and efficient synthetic procedure. The compounds were tested for their anticancer activity using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, Hs578t and MDA-MB-231 and the non-neoplastic cell line MCF-10A for toxicity evaluation. In general, compounds showed higher activity towards the luminal breast cancer subtype (MCF-7), competitive with the reference compound Doxorubicin. The in vivo toxicity assay using C. elegans demonstrated a safe profile for the most active compounds. Chromene 3f revealed a promising drug profile, inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest in G₂/M phase, apoptosis and microtubule destabilization. The new compounds presented exciting bioactive features and may be used as lead compounds in cancer related drug discovery.

Keywords: Anticancer activity; Breast cancer; C. elegans; Chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine.