phytol/arabidopsis

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Chlorophyll degradation: the tocopherol biosynthesis-related phytol hydrolase in Arabidopsis seeds is still missing.

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Phytyl diphosphate (PDP) is the prenyl precursor for tocopherol biosynthesis. Based on recent genetic evidence, PDP is supplied to the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway primarily by chlorophyll degradation and sequential phytol phosphorylation. Three enzymes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are

Remobilization of Phytol from Chlorophyll Degradation Is Essential for Tocopherol Synthesis and Growth of Arabidopsis.

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Phytol from chlorophyll degradation can be phosphorylated to phytyl-phosphate and phytyl-diphosphate, the substrate for tocopherol (vitamin E) synthesis. A candidate for the phytyl-phosphate kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g78620) was identified via a phylogeny-based approach. This gene was

Catalytic and structural properties of pheophytinase, the phytol esterase involved in chlorophyll breakdown.

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During leaf senescence and fruit ripening, chlorophyll is degraded in a multistep pathway into linear tetrapyrroles called phyllobilins. A key feature of chlorophyll breakdown is the removal of the hydrophobic phytol chain that renders phyllobilins water soluble, an important prerequisite for their

The Arabidopsis vitamin E pathway gene5-1 mutant reveals a critical role for phytol kinase in seed tocopherol biosynthesis.

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We report the identification and characterization of a low tocopherol Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, vitamin E pathway gene5-1 (vte5-1), with seed tocopherol levels reduced to 20% of the wild type. Map-based identification of the responsible mutation identified a G-->A transition, resulting in the

A salvage pathway for phytol metabolism in Arabidopsis.

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Chlorophyll is the most abundant photosynthetic pigment in higher plants. During senescence, chlorophyll is hydrolyzed, resulting in the release of free phytol and chlorophyllide. Although the degradation of chlorophyllide has been studied in depth, the metabolic fate of phytol in plants is less

The Phytol Phosphorylation Pathway Is Essential for the Biosynthesis of Phylloquinone, which Is Required for Photosystem I Stability in Arabidopsis.

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Phytyl-diphosphate, which provides phytyl moieties as a common substrate in both tocopherol and phylloquinone biosynthesis, derives from de novo isoprenoid biosynthesis or a salvage pathway via phytol phosphorylation. However, very little is known about the role and origin of the phytyl moiety for

Arabidopsis chlorophyll biosynthesis: an essential balance between the methylerythritol phosphate and tetrapyrrole pathways.

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Chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis, is composed of a chlorin ring and a geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP)-derived isoprenoid, which are generated by the tetrapyrrole and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Although a functional MEP pathway is essential for

Simple extraction methods that prevent the artifactual conversion of chlorophyll to chlorophyllide during pigment isolation from leaf samples.

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BACKGROUND When conducting plant research, the measurement of photosynthetic pigments can provide basic information on the physiological status of a plant. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is becoming widely used for this purpose because it provides an accurate determination of a variety

Different mechanisms are responsible for chlorophyll dephytylation during fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomato.

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Chlorophyll breakdown occurs in different green plant tissues (e.g. during leaf senescence and in ripening fruits). For different plant species, the PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE (PAO)/phyllobilin pathway has been described to be the major chlorophyll catabolic pathway. In this pathway, pheophorbide

Synergistic substrate inhibition of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase: a potential feed-forward inhibition mechanism limiting gibberellin metabolism.

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Gibberellins (GAs) or gibberellic acids are ubiquitous diterpenoid phytohormones required for many aspects of plant growth and development, including repression of photosynthetic pigment production (i.e. deetiolation) in the absence of light. The committed step in GA biosynthesis is catalyzed in

Identification of a Chlorophyll Dephytylase Involved in Chlorophyll Turnover in Arabidopsis.

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Chlorophyll turns over in green organs during photosystem repair and is salvaged via de- and rephytylation, but the enzyme involved in dephytylation is unknown. We have identified an Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoid protein with a putative hydrolase domain that can dephytylate chlorophyll in vitro and

Identification of Targets and Interaction Partners of Arginyl-tRNA Protein Transferase in the Moss Physcomitrella patens.

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Protein arginylation is a posttranslational modification of both N-terminal amino acids of proteins and sidechain carboxylates and can be crucial for viability and physiology in higher eukaryotes. The lack of arginylation causes severe developmental defects in moss, affects the low oxygen response

Proteins are polyisoprenylated in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Isoprenoid lipids were found to be covalently linked to proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana. Their identity (polyprenols: Prenol-9-11 with Pren-10 dominating and dolichols: Dol-15-17 with Dol-16 dominating) was confirmed by means of HPLC/ESI-MS with application of the multiple reaction monitoring

Relaxed selection on the CBF/DREB1 regulatory genes and reduced freezing tolerance in the southern range of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Elucidating the molecular basis of adaptive phenotypic variation represents a central aim in evolutionary biology. Traits exhibiting patterns of clinal variation represent excellent models for studies of molecular adaptation, especially when variation in phenotype can be linked to organismal fitness

Photosynthesis in cells around veins of the C(3) plant Arabidopsis thaliana is important for both the shikimate pathway and leaf senescence as well as contributing to plant fitness.

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Cells associated with veins of C(3) species often contain significant amounts of chlorophyll, and radiotracer analysis shows that carbon present in the transpiration stream may be used for photosynthesis in these cells. It is not clear whether CO2 is also supplied to these cells close to veins via

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