Strawberry and red raspberry composite served as a frozen drink

Non-polyphenol, carbohydrate-based fermentable fiber/pre-biotic served as a frozen drink

Mixed berry composite + FOS served as a frozen drink

Placebo similar in color to mixed berry supplement without any polyphenols served as a frozen drink

Overweight or Obesity

Healthy

Mixed berries

Placebo similar in color to mixed berry supplement without any polyphenols

Control

Combination

Clinical Nutrition Research Center

Berries, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome

Polyphenols and Human Gut Microbiome Interactions: Role of in Ameliorating Inflammation

Plasma biomarkers and measures of inflammation: Nrf2/ NF-κB activation in monocytes will be analyzed.

Inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)) will be measured.

Analysis of GLP-2 will be done in plasma samples before and after chronic exposure to the study foods.

The concentration of calprotectin, zonulin, and IgA in fecal samples will be determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after chronic exposure to study foods.

Bile acids in plasma and fecal samples will be determined using UHPLC-QQQ-MS.

Polyphenolic metabolites (anthocyanin, ellagitannins and other phenolic components) will be identified and quantified in urine and plasma.Metabolites in samples will be identified and quantified using an Agilent 6550 iFunnel UHPLC-QTOF-MS and 6460 UHPLC-QQQ-MS, respectively.

Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology

USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center

Snack bar with cranberry extract (0.5% total weight)

Snack bar with cranberry extract (1.0% total weight)

Snack bar with freeze-dried black raspberry(10% total weight)

Snack bar with freeze-dried black raspberry (20% total weight)

Blood Sugar Response

Fruit extracts high in polyphenols

placebo

USARIEM

Postprandial Glycemic Response to Polyphenol-fortified Snack Bars

United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

Insulin Resistant

Red raspberry meal 1

Red raspberry meal 2

Control meal

Red Raspberries on Insulin Action and Oxidative Stress

Red Raspberries and Insulin Action: Understanding the Role of Red Raspberry Consumption on Oxidative Stress- and Inflammatory- Mediated Insulin Action in Humans

The influence of red raspberry consumption on metabolic markers (insulin and glucose)

Comparing fasting baseline plasma metabolic markers to 24 hr fasting plasma metabolites after consuming iso-caloric meals prepared with and without red raspberry

Comparing fasting baseline plasma metabolic markers to 24 hr fasting plasma metabolic markers after consuming iso-caloric meals prepared with and without red raspberry

The influence of red raspberry consumption on inflammation and oxidative markers

rubus gnarus/carbohydrate

Berries, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiome

Postprandial Glycemic Response to Polyphenol-fortified Snack Bars

Red Raspberries on Insulin Action and Oxidative Stress

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