Five mL of an Omega-3 highly concentrated substance (containing 2.25 g of EPA and 1.08 g of DHA) will be added daily to the standard enteral diet during the entire radiotherapy treatment period (from 5-7 weeks)

Five mL of pigmented and flavored corn oil will be added daily to the standard enteral diet during the entire radiotherapy treatment period (from 5-7 weeks)

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Quality of Life

Radiotherapy; Complications

Five mL of an Omega-3 highly concentrated substance (containing 2.25 g of EPA and 1.08 g of DHA) will be added daily to the standard enteral diet during the entire radiotherapy

Omega 3 Group

Placebo or Control Group

World Health Organization. Estimated crude rate of incident cases, both sexes, worldwide (top 20 cancer sites) in 2012

Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, UMAE HE CMNO IMSS

Enteral Omega 3 During Radiotherapy to Improve the Quality of Life and Functionality of Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Effect of Enteral Supplementation of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on the Quality of Life and Functionality of Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Radiotherapy

The QLQ-C30 is a 30-item subject self-report questionnaire composed of both multi-item scales and single-item measures. These include five functional scales (physical, role, emotional, social, and cognitive), three symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and pain), a global health status / QoL scale (GHS/QoL), and six single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and difficulties). Participants rate items on a four-point scale, with 1 as "not at all" and 4 as "very much." The principle for scoring these scales is the same in all cases: 1. Estimate the average of the items that contribute to the scale; this is the raw score. 2. Use a linear transformation to standardize the raw score, so that scores range from 0 to 100; a higher score represents a higher ("better") level of functioning, or a higher ("worse") level of symptoms. A change of 5 - 10 points is considered a small change. A change of 10 - 20 points is considered a moderate change.

The QLQ-C30 is a 30-item subject self-report questionnaire composed of both multi-item scales and single-item measures. These include the Physical Functioning Scale and four more functional scales (role, emotional, social, and cognitive), three symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and pain), a global health status / QoL scale, and six single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and difficulties). Participants rate items on a four-point scale, with 1 as "not at all" and 4 as "very much." The method for scoring these scales is: 1. Estimate the average of the items that contribute to the scale; this is the raw score. 2. Use a linear transformation to standardize the raw score, so that scores range from 0 to 100; a higher score represents a higher ("better") level of functioning, or a higher ("worse") level of symptoms. A change of 5 - 10 points is considered a small change. A change of 10 - 20 points is considered a moderate change.

Changes of the serum levels quantified by means of the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA)

Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Mexico

combination of dietary sodium restriction with supplementation of omega-3 capsules and lycopene containing juices or foods

Limited nutritional counseling, juice without lycopene, rice oil capsules

Heart Failure

Teaching and skill building to reduce dietary sodium

Sodium reduction

omega-3 fatty acid supplements and juices containing lycopene

omega 3 and lycopene supplements

rice bran oil capsules

Provided a summary of the 3 day dietary recalls at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months

Generic dietary feedback from

University of Kentucky, College of Nursing

Norton Health Care

Nutrition Intervention to Decrease Symptoms in Patients With Heart Failure

Nutrition Intervention to Reduce Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

Combined endpoint of cardiac-related hospitalization and all cause mortality

combined score of symptom severity, frequency, and distress for common symptoms of heart failure

the ratio of EPA plus DHA as a percentage of total fatty acids in the cell membrane of erythrocytes

serum levels of malondialdehyde and 8-iso-PGF2a isoprostane will serve as markers of increased lipid peroxidation due to oxygen free radical production exceeding antioxidant capacity

Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), soluble TNF receptors: sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 will be measured as markers of proinflammatory cytokine activity; interleukin-10 (IL-10) will be measured as a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine activity

Plasma lycopene will be measured as a marker intervention effectiveness

Three 24-hour diet recall interviews at each timepoint will be used estimate sodium intake and to identify high sodium foods and eating patterns for the sodium reduction component of the intervention.

eicosapentaenoic acid/edema

Enteral Omega 3 During Radiotherapy to Improve the Quality of Life and Functionality of Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Nutrition Intervention to Decrease Symptoms in Patients With Heart Failure

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