In 2014, the estimated population who were suffering from drug abuse and drug-related disorders reached over 29 million worldwide, making it a global health challenge. Moreover, 43.5 per million people die annually from associated drug use. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Amphetamine type stimulant (ATS) and opioid abuse, dependence and injection drug use (IDU) are major public health problem in Malaysia and nearby countries (including China, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Myamar, and Cambodia) and are the major drivers of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in these countries.1