LC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS characterization of phenolic constituents in Rosa canina L. and Its Protective Effect in cells

In an aim to prove the efficiency of Polyphenols of Rosa canina fruits in promoting human health. A methanolic extract of R.canina fruits was prepared by successive maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The polyphenols composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. The biological activity of this extract on SH-SY5Y cells and HepG2 cells was then studied. The antioxidant activity was tested by different in vitro tests such as DPPH-radical-scavenging activity, FRAP assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant capacity. The subacute toxicity of R.canina was tested on female rats by repeated intraperitoneal administration of different doses. The phenolic profiles showed 25 antioxidants distributed into three classes of phenolic compounds: glycosylated and agglomerated flavonoids/isoflavonoids, tannins, and phenanthrenes. Qualitative phytochemical analyzes showed that this extract lacks alkaloids. The methanolic extract of R.canina fruits has a total antioxidant capacity of 82.69±1.18 μg EAA/mg of methanol extract and the IC₅₀ of the methods used is in the following increasing order: FRAP assay (61.88 μg/ml), then hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (67.45 μg/ml) and then DPPH radical-scavenging activity (129.81 μg/ml). The extract of R.canina did not cause any phenotypic signs of toxicity or mortality during and after treatment. LD₅₀ was higher than 5000 mg/kg, hence, R.canina was considered non-toxic. In-vivo study proved the protective effect of R.canina against cardiac and hepato-renal toxicities. These results drew the importance of a healthy diet, where diets rich in Rosa canina fruits can be used as a rich natural source of antioxidants and anti-carcinogenic phenolic compounds.

Keywords: LC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS; Rosa canina L; antioxidant activity; cytotoxic effect; intraperitoneal subacute toxicity.