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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, predicted to be the third leading cause of death in adults by 2020. Patients with COPD are characterized with airflow limitation and chronic inflammation, which is caused by cigarette smoking,
Myocardial infarction (MI), is a type of acute coronary syndrome, in which there is damage to the cardiac muscle as demonstrated by increased cardiac Troponin levels in the setting of acute ischemia (1). Myocardial infarction (MI) is a fatal disease that is caused by block in the oxygen supply of
This study is designed as a prospective pilot study of women presenting to the Urogynecology clinic with urgency urinary incontinence symptoms who are offered treatment with a standard of care anticholinergic medication for six weeks. The patient will be asked to provide a clean catch urine sample
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the primary parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airways, and induces bronchoconstriction. Since the cholinergic tone appears to be the major reversible component of obstruction, muscarinic receptor antagonism and bronchodilation represent the primary goal of
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (internal lining of the nose) results in a condition called rhinitis. Patients with rhinitis suffer from nasal stuffiness, congestion, rhinorrhea (nasal discharge), sneezing, and itchiness. Rhinitis affects a large number of people, with several studies estimating
With the increase in recreational usage of various soft drugs, such as ketamine, methamphetamine over the world, substance abuse related voiding dysfunction is becoming an important medical problem. However, while the clinical manifestation of the condition is becoming better defined, the underlying
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are major causes of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The incidence of PPCs was found to vary from 2 to 19%, but this rate may be as high as 41 to 75% in patients after intrathoracic and intraabdominal surgery. According to
D2 dopaminergic receptor blockers, used to treat schizophrenia, can lead to the onset of drug-induced movement disorders, such as parkinsonism, dystonia, dyskinesia and akathisia. They seem to be associated with oxidative stress, as a result of an increase in free radicals generated from dopamine
RPL554 is a dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) which are known to have a role in modulating the inflammatory airway response in respiratory diseases, including COPD. PDE3 inhibitors act as bronchodilators whilst PDE4 inhibitors have anti-inflammatory
Introduction:
Urinary frequency urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) are commonly encountered in patients after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) or transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP). [1] Patients usually bother by these overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. The causes of
Retina specialists treat many diseases of the posterior segment of the eye by the delivery of medications via intravitreal injections. Many of these medications are monoclonal antibodies that need to be injected monthly. Endophthalmitis is a sight threatening complication of intravitreal injections.
With a complex etiology, delirium is usually caused by various peri-operative stimuli on basis of predisposing factors, including senility, hypoxia and hypotension, pain, drug (such as pethidine, benzodiazepine, anticholinergic, and drug withdrawal), complications prior to surgery, post-operative
This study is intended to evaluate the involvement of the neuronal cholinergic receptor system in the accelerated cognitive aging profile seen in adults living with chronic HIV-1 infection. It is estimated by the CDC that by the year 2016, nearly 50% of the US' HIV-positive population will be 50 or
Achalasia is one of the most studied esophageal motility disorders. The etiology of Achalasia is autoimmune, neurodegenerative, or viral immune. Achalasia is a consequence of the degeneration of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the esophageal body and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
For urothelial carcinoma (UC), which accounts for over 90% of bladder cancers, more than 70% of bladder cancer patients present with non‐muscle‐invasive disease. Approximately 40-80% of these tumors will recur within the first year, of which 10-25% will progress to muscle‐invasive