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Cannabinoid pharmacological properties common to other centrally acting drugs.

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Cannabinoids produce a characteristic profile of in vivo effects in mice, including suppression of spontaneous activity, antinociception, hypothermia, and catalepsy. Measurement of these four properties, commonly referred to as the tetrad test, has played a key role in establishing the

Tetramethylpyrazine improves spatial cognitive impairment induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries or scopolamine in rats.

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Effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major constituent of Ligusticum chuanxiong, on spatial cognitive impairment induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) and scopolamine were investigated using 8-arm radial maze performance in rats. Permanent 2VO produced a severe

[Width of the lumen of the common bile duct: sonography compared with ERCP].

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The diameter of the common bile duct can be easily determined by ultrasound and by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography). The measured values differ by as much as 20% due to the technical features of both methods. A study with 100 patients showed that in 20% of the patients the diameter of

Assessment of a combination of physostigmine and scopolamine as pretreatment against the behavioural effects of organophosphates in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

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BACKGROUND There is a requirement to ensure that UK armed forces are provided with the best possible medical countermeasures to prevent or mitigate the effects of exposure to nerve agents. When pretreatments are under consideration, it is of particular importance to ensure that they do not in

Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966-2018).

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Datura stramonium, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger, and Scopolia carniolica are all temperate plants from the family Solanaceae, which as a result of their anticholinergic tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine/atropine and scopolamine, have caused many cases of poisoning around the world. Despite the

Sigma1 (sigma 1) receptor agonists and neurosteroids attenuate B25-35-amyloid peptide-induced amnesia in mice through a common mechanism.

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The sigma1 (sigma 1) receptor agonists exert potent anti-amnesic effects, as they apparently block the learning impairments either induced by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dizocilpine or inherently due to the age-related deficits in

Common discriminative stimulus properties in rats of muscarinic antagonists, clozapine and the D3 preferring antagonist PNU-99194a: an analysis of possible mechanisms.

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Dopamine D3 receptors have been implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia and the actions of antipsychotic drugs. The initial studies reported here assessed the involvement of such receptors in the in vivo actions of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and the putative D3-preferring antagonist

In vivo and in vitro evidence for a common carrier mediated transport of choline and basic drugs through the blood-brain barrier.

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport system for choline and basic drugs was characterized by the in vivo carotid artery injection technique (Oldendorf, Brain Res., 24, 372-376, 1970) and in vitro uptake into isolated bovine brain capillaries (Pardridge et al., J. Neurochem., 44, 1178-1184, 1985).

Risks in the clinical applications of scopolamine butylbromide injections.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the clinical application of scopolamine butylbromide injection and promote the rational use of the drug. METHODS We classified and analyzed 3,695 cases of scopolamine butylbromide injection (effective cases only) collected over the period of January 2016 to July

Smoking crushed hyoscine/scopolamine tablets as drug abuse.

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BACKGROUND Hyoscine N-butyl bromide/scopolamine (H/S) is a type of anticholinergic agent that is commonly used as an antispasmodic drug. We have evaluated the effects of crushed H/S smoking in prisoners who illicitly abused this drug. METHODS All imprisoned cases with at least a 3-month history of

Scopolamine for cancer-related nausea and vomiting.

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Nausea and vomiting is a common and troublesome symptom in advanced cancer. There have been different approaches described for the management of nausea and vomiting, specifically empirical and etiological. Scopolamine is listed in textbooks as a useful medication in management of nausea and vomiting

Cholinergic learning deficits in the marmoset produced by scopolamine and ICV hemicholinium.

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Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were trained to perform daily position discrimination learning tasks in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. Acetylcholine receptor blockade with scopolamine was found to impair position learning. Testing on the day after scopolamine treatment suggested that a

Enhancing effects of nicotine and impairing effects of scopolamine on distinct aspects of performance in computerized attention and working memory tasks in marmoset monkeys.

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With the CAmbridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), computerized neuropsychological tasks can be presented on a touch-sensitive computer screen, and this system has been used to assess cognitive processes in neuropsychiatric patients, healthy volunteers, and species of non-human

Electron-impact ionization detection of scopolamine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in rat plasma and brain.

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Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, was measured in rat plasma and brain using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron-impact ionization detection. Extracted scopolamine was either directly derivatized or first hydrolyzed to scopine, then derivatized with heptafluorobutyric

Extinction and recovery of an avoidance memory impaired by scopolamine.

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Pre-training administration of scopolamine (SCP) resembles situations of cholinergic dysfunction, leading to memory impairment of mice trained in an inhibitory avoidance task. We suggest here that SCP does not impair memory formation, but acquisition is affected in a way that reduces the strength of

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