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2-Amino-3-(methylamino)-propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour: an unlikely cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia of Guam.

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We conducted an investigation of the levels of the neurotoxin 2-amino-3-(methylamino)-propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour. Analysis of 30 flour samples processed from the endosperm of Cycas circinalis seeds collected on Guam indicated that more than 87% of the total BMAA content was removed during

Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin.

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The decline in the high incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and Alzheimer-type dementia among the Chamorro population of the western Pacific islands of Guam and Rota, coupled with the absence of demonstrable viral and hereditable factors in this disease, suggests the gradual

Cycad toxins, Helicobacter pylori and parkinsonism: cholesterol glucosides as the common denomenator.

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Understanding sporadic cases of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinsonism requires the evaluation of potential environmental factors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), a neurological disorder in which features of parkinsonism are present and

Screening for non-protein amino acids in seeds of the Guam cycad, Cycas circinalis, by an improved GC-MS method.

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The non-protein amino acid, beta-N-methyl-amino-L-alanine (L-BMAA) from Cycas circinalis seeds, has been implicated as a causative agent of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), a disease known from Guam and other areas in the western Pacific. We analyzed C.

Are age-related neurodegenerative diseases linked with various types of magnesium depletion?

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Age-related human neurodegenerative diseases are a major social and medical problem. It is therefore logical to take into consideration every theory with an overall approach to neurodegenerative diseases. This environmental proposal relies mainly on data concerning the Western Pacific amyotrophic

Steryl glucoside concentration declines with Cycas micronesica seed age

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Neurotoxins contained in the seeds of Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill have been implicated in the Guam neurological disease cluster, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC). Some of these neurotoxins remain in the washed cycad seed flour that was historically an important

Behavioral and neurological correlates of ALS-parkinsonism dementia complex in adult mice fed washed cycad flour.

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Consumption of cycad seed products (Cycas circinalis) is one of the strongest epidemiological links to the Guamian neurological disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC), however, the putative toxin which causes neurodegeneration has never been identified

Stereospecific acute neuronotoxicity of 'uncommon' plant amino acids linked to human motor-system diseases.

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The L-isomer of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), present in free form in seed of Cycas circinalis, elicits in spinal cord cultures a pattern of acute postsynaptic neuronal vacuolation comparable to that induced by beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA), an excitotoxic amino acid of greater potency

Specific antagonism of behavioral action of "uncommon" amino acids linked to motor-system diseases.

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Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) are chemically related amino acids present in the seeds of Cycas circinalis and Lathyrus sativus, respectively. Consumption of these seeds has been linked to Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (BMAA) and lathyrism (BOAA; a

Quantitative measurement of neurodegeneration in an ALS-PDC model using MR microscopy.

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Exposure to cycad (Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill) toxins via diet has been shown to induce neurodegeneration in vivo that mimics the progressive neurological disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS--PDC). In previous studies, specific cortical and subcortical cell

Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine. Chronic oral administration is not neurotoxic to mice.

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Repeated dietary consumption of the neurotoxic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), found in the seeds of Cycas circinalis, has been postulated as causing both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the parkinsonism-dementia syndrome (PD) that were formerly very prevalent among the

beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine induced in vivo retinal cell death.

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Controversial debates still remain around the nature of the etiologic agent responsible for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinson dementia complex (ALS/PDC) whose incidence is unusually high among the population of the pacific island of Guam. It has been hypothesized that the neurotoxin

Determination of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in plant (Cycas circinalis L.) and animal tissue by precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

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A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described for determining subpicomole concentrations of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in plant and animal tissue. BMAA and other amino acids were reacted with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) for 10 min under alkaline conditions

The cycad neurotoxic amino acid, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), elevates intracellular calcium levels in dissociated rat brain cells.

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Seeds of the Guam cycad Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill (Cycadaceae), which contain ss-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), have been implicated in the etiology of the devastating neurodisease ALS-PDC that is found among the native Chamorros on Guam. The disease also occurs in the native populations on Irian

Biomagnification of cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease among the Chamorro people of Guam.

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We here report biomagnification (the increasing accumulation of bioactive, often deleterious molecules through higher trophic levels of a food chain) of the neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) in the Guam ecosystem. Free-living cyanobacteria produce 0.3 microg/g BMAA,

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