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The pharmacology of medieval sedatives: the "Great Rest" of the Antidotarium Nicolai.

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BACKGROUND Past practices of compound drugs from different plant ingredients enjoyed remarkable longevity over centuries yet are largely dismissed by modern science as subtherapeutic, lethal or fanciful. OBJECTIVE To examine the phytochemical content of a popular medieval opiate drug called the

Effects of hippocampal microinjections of D-amphetamine and scopolamine on active avoidance behavior in rats.

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Rats received bilateral injections of 20 or 40 mug. of d-amphetamine or scopolamine into the dorsal or ventral hippocampus prior to each of 8 daily training sessions in a discriminated Y-maze active avoidance task. Scopolamine, but not d-amphetamine, facilitated avoidance responding in both sites,

Separation of optical isomers of scopolamine, cocaine, homatropine, and atropine.

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Different drug stereoisomers can have different physiological and therapeutic effects. Difficulties in separating optical isomers often make it impractical to market stereochemically pure products or to monitor isomeric contamination. This is not thought to be a problem with drugs isolated from

[The history of scopolamine--with special reference to its use in anesthesia].

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Potions from plants, now known to contain scopolamine, were used in antiquity and the middle ages. However, wide-spread application of drugs for induction of insensibility to pain did not occur, probably because of side-effects and unpredictable dose-effect relationships. The word "scopolamine" is

Scopolamine blood levels following buccal versus ingested tablets.

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Speed of absorption and elimination of an antimotion sickness drug sets limits on the protection afforded. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether a well proven antimotion sickness drug--scopolamine (hyoscine)--could be absorbed more rapidly from buccal tablets than from the standard

The effects of morphine, morphine plus scopolamine, midazolam and promethazine on cerebrospinal fluid histamine concentration and postoperative analgesic consumption.

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The effects of morphine (0.14 mg/kg), morphine (0.14 mg/kg plus scopolamine (0.042 mg/kg), midazolam (0.015 mg/kg) and promethazine (0.08 mg/kg) on cerebrospinal fluid histamine (CSF-HA) and CSF-methylhistamine were investigated in 44 healthy patients. CSF-HA was determined by HPLC. CSF-HA was found

Antimotion-sickness efficacy of scopolamine 12 and 72 hours after transdermal administration.

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The antimotion sickness remedy, transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine, administered in this experiment was scheduled to deliver 1.0 mg of scopolamine over a period of 3 d, and this paper compares its efficacy 12 and 72 h after administration. In a double-blind study, six male college students

Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Reverses Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice and Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase in Vitro.

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Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid abundant in edible brown seaweeds, has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we report for the first time that fucoxanthin effectively protects against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in

Acute and chronic arecoline: effects on a scopolamine-induced deficit in complex maze learning.

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These studies tested the effect of arecoline, a nonselective muscarinic agonist, administered either acutely or by chronic peripheral infusion via osmotic minipumps, on a scopolamine-induced deficit in a Stone (14 unit) T-maze task in rats. Scopolamine alone (0.125-1.0 mg/kg, IP) dose-dependently

Establishing zebrafish as a model to study the anxiolytic effects of scopolamine.

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Scopolamine (hyoscine) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that has traditionally been used to treat motion sickness in humans. However, studies investigating depressed and bipolar populations have found that scopolamine is also effective at reducing depression and anxiety symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics of scopolamine during caesarean section: relationship between serum concentration and effect.

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The pharmacokinetics (radioreceptor assay, RRA) and some of the clinical effects of the anticholinergic agent, scopolamine, were studied in 16 parturients during caesarean section. Following a single 0.005 mg/kg intramuscular injection (deltoid muscle), a very fast rate of absorption was found with

A descriptive study of an epidemic of poisoning caused by heroin adulterated with scopolamine.

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OBJECTIVE Adulterants, contaminants, and diluents are all examples of additives to street drugs. Some of these additives may be pharmacologically active; however, it is unusual for them to cause toxic side effects. In the spring of 1995, a new form of heroin appeared in New York City, spreading to

Raise up of Scopolamine in Hairy Roots Via Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 as Compared with Untransformed Roots in Atropa komarovii

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Atropa komarovii generates tropane alkaloids and three other compounds such as hyoscyamine. Racemate atropine and scopolamine (hyoscine) are the main alkaloids with anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and sedative agents. A proficient convention has been reported for the formation

Delayed matching-to-sample performance by rats in a new avoidance-motivated maze: response to scopolamine and fimbria-fornix lesions.

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A new avoidance-motivated detour-maze in which memory for an immediately preceding sample event could be assessed was evaluated by testing seven 6-month-old male F-344 rats with a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) paradigm. Rats first received extensive pretraining with this paradigm over several

Inhibitory avoidance memory deficit induced by scopolamine: Interaction of cholinergic and glutamatergic systems in the ventral tegmental area.

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Interaction of cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) influencing a learned behavior is a topic of great interest. In the present study the effect of intra-VTA administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, and

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