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Use of polyamine metabolites as markers for stroke and renal failure.

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Acrolein and H(2)O(2) are among the metabolic products of spermine and spermidine, and it was found that acrolein was more toxic than H(2)O(2). It was determined whether acrolein can serve as a biochemical marker for stroke (brain infarction) and chronic renal failure. Since acrolein rapidly reacts

Polyamine oxidase and acrolein as novel biochemical markers for diagnosis of cerebral stroke.

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OBJECTIVE We found previously that plasma levels of acrolein (CH2=CHCHO) and spermine oxidase (SMO) were well correlated with the degree of severity of chronic renal failure. The aim of this study was to test whether the levels of these 2 markers and of acetylpolyamine oxidase (AcPAO) were increased

Restoration of Polyamine Metabolic Patterns in In Vivo and In Vitro Model of Ischemic Stroke following Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment.

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We investigated changes in PA levels by the treatment of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in ischemic stroke in rat brain model and in cultured neuronal SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In ischemic rat model, transient middle cerebral artery

The pre-ischaemic neuroprotective effects of the polyamine analogues BU43b and BU36b in permanent and transient focal cerebral ischaemia models in mice.

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The present study investigated the neuroprotective potential of two novel polyamine analogues, BU43b and BU36b, when administered 30 min prior to cerebral ischaemia. Neuroprotection in a permanent and a transient focal cerebral ischaemia mouse model (induced by intraluminal middle cerebral artery

The role of polyamine metabolism in neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia.

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Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, with secondary damage following the initial insult contributing significantly to overall poor outcome. Prior investigations have shown that the metabolism of certain polyamines such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are elevated

Transglutaminase is a therapeutic target for oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and stroke: a new epigenetic kid on the CNS block.

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Transglutaminases (TGs) are multifunctional, calcium-dependent enzymes that have been recently implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Classically, these enzymes are thought to participate in cell injury and death in chronic neurodegenerative conditions via their ability to catalyze covalent,

Polyphenol extract from Phellinus igniarius protects against acrolein toxicity in vitro and provides protection in a mouse stroke model.

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The basidiomycetous mushroom Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quel. has been used as traditional medicine in various Asian countries for many years. Although many reports exist on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects against various diseases, our current knowledge of

Toxic acrolein production due to Ca(2+) influx by the NMDA receptor during stroke.

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OBJECTIVE N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have a high permeability to Ca(2+), contributing to neuronal cell death after stroke. We recently found that acrolein produced from polyamines is a major toxic compound during stroke. Thus, it was determined whether over-accumulation of Ca(2+)

N(1)-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)butane-1,4-diamine, a polyamine analogue, attenuated injury in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia.

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It has been widely recognized that glutamate (Glu)-induced cytotoxicity, intracellular calcium overload and excessive free radical production are the key players in the development and progression of ischemic brain injury. Since MK-801, an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, showed

The pre-ischaemic neuroprotective effect of a novel polyamine antagonist, N1-dansyl-spermine in a permanent focal cerebral ischaemia model in mice.

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The polyamine sites on the NMDA receptor complex offer a therapeutic target for focal ischaemia, potentially devoid of most side effects associated with NMDA antagonists. In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel polyamine antagonist, N(1)-dansyl-spermine (0.5-10 mg kg(-1)) in a permanent

Neuroprotection afforded by a combination of eliprodil and a thrombolytic agent, rt-PA, in a rat thromboembolic stroke model.

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In the present study, we have assessed the efficacy of eliprodil, a neuroprotective agent which blocks both the modulatory polyamine site of the NMDA receptor and neuronal voltage-sensitive calcium channels, alone or in combination with the thrombolytic agent, rt-PA, in a rat embolic stroke model

Cerestat and other NMDA antagonists in ischemic stroke.

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A wealth of experimental evidence demonstrates that cerebral ischemia causes excessive release of glutamate and that glutamate contributes to ischemic injury. Glutamate antagonism by any of several mechanisms can ameliorate the extent of infarction. These antagonists comprise noncompetitive blockers

Polyamines in the brain: distribution, biological interactions, and their potential therapeutic role in brain ischaemia.

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The endogenous polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) are present at relatively high concentrations in the mammalian brain and play crucial roles in a variety of aspects of cell functioning. Stroke is the third most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability among adults in

Neuronal and glial responses to polyamines in the ischemic brain.

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The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine are present in most living cells, with the essentiality for normal cell function, cellular growth and differentiation. In the mammalian brain, polyamines are also present at relatively high concentrations with different regional distribution

Polyamine and prostaglandin markers in focal cerebral ischemia.

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This study examines the pathophysiology of stroke secondary to focal cerebral ischemia. The interaction of arachidonic acid metabolites and polyamines, a class of ubiquitous ornithine-derived molecules with important membrane effects on edema, Ca++-dependent endocytosis, platelet function, and

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