Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-inhibiting constituents from the leaves of Syzygium polyanthum.

A methanol extract of the leaves of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. afforded four new acylbenzene derivatives (1-4) together with seven known compounds (5-11). The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature data. The new compounds 1-3 and a known compound, campest-4-en-3-one (10), exhibited a significant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 13.1 ± 0.1, 5.77 ± 0.15, 4.01 ± 0.26, and 10.4 ± 0.5 µM, respectively. The inhibitory potency of the new compounds 2 and 3 was comparable to that of a positive control RK-682 (IC₅₀, 5.51 ± 0.04 µM).