Over-Expression of LcPDS, LcZDS, and LcCRTISO, Genes From Wolfberry for Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Enhanced Carotenoid Accumulation, and Salt Tolerance in Tobacco.

It is of great importance to combine stress tolerance and plant quality for breeding research. In this study, the role of phytoene desaturase (PDS), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) and carotene isomerase (CRTISO) in the carotenoid biosynthesis are correlated and compared. The three genes were derived from Lycium chinenses and involved in the desaturation of tetraterpene. Their over-expression significantly increased carotenoid accumulation and enhanced photosynthesis and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Up-regulation of almost all the genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and only significant down-regulation of lycopene ε-cyclase (ε-LCY) gene were detected in those transgenic plants. Under salt stress, proline content, and activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, whereas malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulated less in the transgenic plants. The genes encoding ascorbate peroxidase (APX), CAT, POD, SOD, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) were shown to responsive up-regulated significantly under the salt stress in the transgenic plants. This study indicated that LcPDS, LcZDS, and LcCRTISO have the potential to improve carotenoid content and salt tolerance in higher plant breeding.