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Control of delta-Aminolevulinic Acid and Chlorophyll Accumulation in Greening Maize Leaves upon Light-Dark Transitions.

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The accumulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was studied in greening maize (Zea mays) leaves which were transferred to darkness and reilluminated after various periods of time. The system synthesizing ALA decays in the dark with a half-life of about 80 minutes. The onset of enzyme decay after

(Minus) S-adenosyl-L-methionine-magnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase, an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of chlorophyll in Zea mays.

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The enzyme (-) S-adenosyl-L-methionine-magnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group from (-) S-adenosyl-L-methionine to magnesium protoporphyrin to form magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester, has been detected in chloroplasts isolated from Zea

Alternative Routes for the Synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Maize Leaves : II. Formation from Glutamate.

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Intact plastids from greening maize (Zea mays L.) leaves converted [(14)C]glutamate and [(14)C]2-ketoglutarate (KG) to [(14)C]5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Glutamate appeared to be the immediate precursor of ALA, while KG was first converted to glutamate, as shown by the effect of various inhibitors

Alternative Routes for the Synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Maize Leaves : I. Formation from 2-Ketoglutarate via 4,5-Dioxovaleric Acid.

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Cell-free extracts from greening maize (Zea mays L.) leaves catalyze the conversion of [(14)C]2-ketoglutarate (KG) to [(14)C]5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in a reaction which requires NADH and an amino donor and shows maximal activity around pH 6.5. The enzymic system is located in the cytosol. This

Accumulation of delta-Aminolevulinic Acid and Its Relation to Chlorophyll Synthesis and Development of Plastid Structure in Greening Leaves.

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Levulinic acid inhibited the greening of etiolated maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves and caused accumulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). ALA accumulation in maize was equivalent to the decrease in chlorophyll, over a wide range of experimental conditions. It was saturated

Inhibition of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by mercury in excised greening maize leaf segments.

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Mercury (Hg), a potent metallic toxicant, is known for having inhibitory effect on chlorophyll biosynthesis. In vivo supply of HgCl(2) inhibited 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD, EC 4.2.1.24) activity in excised greening maize (Zea mays) leaf segments. The inhibition caused by Hg was

Induction of delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Formation in Etiolated Maize Leaves Controlled by Two Light Systems.

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A short illumination of etiolated maize (Zea mays) leaves with red light causes a protochlorophyll(ide)-chlorophyll(ide) conversion and induces the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) during a subsequent dark period. In leaves treated with levulinic acid, more ALA is formed in the dark than

Effects of Iron and Oxygen on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis : I. IN VIVO OBSERVATIONS ON IRON AND OXYGEN-DEFICIENT PLANTS.

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Corn (Zea mays, L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown under iron deficiency, and Potamogeton pectinatus L, and Potamogeton nodosus Poir. grown under oxygen deficiency, contained less chlorophyll than the

Induction of porphyrin synthesis in etiolated bean leaves by chelators of iron.

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Primary leaves of 7- to 9-day-old etiolated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Red Kidney infiltrated in darkness with aqueous solutions of alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, o-phenanthroline, pyridine-2-aldoxime, pyridine-2-aldehyde, 8-hydroxyquinoline, or picolinic acid synthesize large amounts of

Biosynthesis of protoheme and heme a from glutamate in maize.

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The heme and chlorophyll precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can be formed by two biosynthetic routes: from the intact carbon skeleton of glutamate via a five-carbon pathway, which occurs in chloroplasts and bluegreen algae, and by ALA synthase-catalyzed condensation of succinyl-CoA and

Cerium relieves the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis of maize caused by magnesium deficiency.

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Lanthanoids (Ln) were demonstrated to improve chlorophyll formation and the growth of plants. But the mechanism of the fact that Ln promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis of plants is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine Ln effects in chlorophyll formation of maize under

On the specific binding of protochlorophyllide and chlorophyll to different peptide chains.

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By means of labelling experiments with δ-[(3)H]aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis the following results were obtained with plantlets of Zea mays L.: Protochlorophyllide is associated with two peptide chains of the molecular weights (MW) 21000 and 29000, thus forming two

Biochemical and hematological effects of lead ingestion in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius).

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One-day old American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings were orally dosed daily with 5 microliters/g of corn oil (controls), 25, 125 or 625 mg/kg of metallic lead in corn oil for 10 days. Forty per cent of the nestlings receiving 625 mg/kg of lead died after 6 days and growth rates were

4-amino-5-hexynoic Acid-a potent inhibitor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants.

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4-Amino-5-hexynoic acid, a suicide inactivator of the mammalian pyridoxal phosphate-dependent 4-aminobutyric acid:2-oxoglutaric acid aminotransferase, inhibits phytochrome and chlorophyll synthesis in developing oat (Avena sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and cucumber (Cucumis

Inhibition of phytochrome synthesis by gabaculine.

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Gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienylcarboxylic acid), a transaminase inhibitor, also inhibits chlorophyll formation in plants, and the effect of this compound can be counteracted by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (Flint, personal communication, 1984). Since it is probable that ALA also serves as a

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