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The barley genome sequence assembly reveals three additional members of the CslF (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase gene family.

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An important component of barley cell walls, particularly in the endosperm, is (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a polymer that has proven health benefits in humans and that influences processability in the brewing industry. Genes of the cellulose synthase-like (Csl) F gene family have been shown to be involved

Differences in active site structure in a family of beta-glucan endohydrolases deduced from the kinetics of inactivation by epoxyalkyl beta-oligoglucosides.

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The active sites of a spectrum of beta-glucan endohydrolases with distinct, but related substrate specificities have been probed using a series of epoxyalkyl beta-glycosides of glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, laminaribiose, laminaritriose, 3O-beta-D-glucosyl-cellobiose and

(1,3;1,4)-β-Glucan Biosynthesis by the CSLF6 Enzyme: Position and Flexibility of Catalytic Residues Influence Product Fine Structure.

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Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) genes encode polysaccharide synthases responsible for (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan biosynthesis in cereal grains. However, it is not clear how both (1,3)- and (1,4)-linkages are incorporated into a single polysaccharide chain and how the frequency and arrangement of the two

Pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata express two genes from different beta-glucan synthase families.

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The walls deposited by growing pollen tubes contain two types of beta-glucan, the (1,3)-beta-glucan callose and the (1,4)-beta-glucan cellulose, as well as various alpha-linked pectic polysaccharides. Pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto, an ornamental tobacco, were therefore used to

Activation of beta-glucan synthases by wall-bound purple acid phosphatase in tobacco cells.

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Wall-bound purple acid phosphatases have been shown to be potentially involved in the regulation of plant cell growth. The aim of this work was to further investigate the function of one of these phosphatases in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), NtPAP12, using transgenic cells overexpressing the enzyme.

The location of (1→3)-β-glucans in the walls of pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata using a (1→3)-β-glucan-specific monoclonal antibody.

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The location of the (1→3)-β-glucan, callose, in the walls of pollen tubes in the style of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto was studied using specific monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were raised against a laminarinhaemocyanin conjugate. One antibody selected for further characterization was

Plant production of anti-β-glucan antibodies for immunotherapy of fungal infections in humans.

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There is an increasing interest in the development of therapeutic antibodies (Ab) to improve the control of fungal pathogens, but none of these reagents is available for clinical use. We previously described a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb 2G8) targeting β-glucan, a cell wall polysaccharide common

The fungal-specific β-glucan-binding lectin FGB1 alters cell-wall composition and suppresses glucan-triggered immunity in plants.

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β-glucans are well-known modulators of the immune system in mammals but little is known about β-glucan triggered immunity in planta. Here we show by isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the FGB1 gene from the root

Functional Characterization of a Glycosyltransferase from the Moss Physcomitrella patens Involved in the Biosynthesis of a Novel Cell Wall Arabinoglucan.

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Mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (MLG), an abundant cell wall polysaccharide in the Poaceae, has been detected in ascomycetes, algae, and seedless vascular plants, but not in eudicots. Although MLG has not been reported in bryophytes, a predicted glycosyltransferase from the moss Physcomitrella

Proteomic and biochemical evidence links the callose synthase in Nicotiana alata pollen tubes to the product of the NaGSL1 gene.

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The NaGSL1 gene has been proposed to encode the callose synthase (CalS) enzyme from Nicotiana alata pollen tubes based on its similarity to fungal 1,3-beta-glucan synthases and its high expression in pollen and pollen tubes. We have used a biochemical approach to link the NaGSL1 protein with CalS

Molecular control of the glucan synthase-like protein NaGSL1 and callose synthesis during growth of Nicotiana alata pollen tubes.

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The protein NaGSL1 (Nicotiana alata glucan synthase-like 1) is implicated in the synthesis of callose, the 1,3-beta-glucan that is the major polysaccharide in the walls of N. alata (flowering tobacco) pollen tubes. Here we examine the production, intracellular location and post-translational

Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Metabolism and Callose Synthesis in Cultured Pollen Tubes of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto.

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Membrane preparations from cultured pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto contain a Ca2+ -independent (1-3)-[beta]-D-glucan (callose) synthase activity that has a low affinity for UDP-glucose, even when activated by treatment with trypsin (H. Schlupmann, A. Basic, S.M. Read [1993] Planta 191:

Activation of pollen tube callose synthase by detergents. Evidence for different mechanisms of action.

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In pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata, a membrane-bound, Ca(2+)-independent callose synthase (CalS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of the (1,3)-beta-glucan backbone of callose, the main cell wall component. Digitonin increases CalS activity 3- to 4-fold over a wide range of concentrations,

Differential Ion Stimulation of Plasmalemma Adenosine Triphosphatase from Leaf Epidermis and Mesophyll of Nicotiana rustica L.

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An ATPase preparation, presumed to be associated with plasma membrane due to the coincidence on isopycnic gradients of cellulase and beta-glucan synthetase at high substrate, has been isolated from the epidermal and mesophyll of tobacco leaf. The ATPase from both tissues was found to prefer ATP over

Plant species-specific recognition of long and short β-1,3-linked glucans is mediated by different receptor systems.

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Plants survey their environment for the presence of potentially harmful or beneficial microbes. During colonization, cell surface receptors perceive microbe-derived or modified-self ligands and initiate appropriate responses. The recognition of fungal chitin oligomers and the subsequent activation

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