halocarpus bidwillii/resin

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Comparison of lodgepole and jack pine resin chemistry: implications for range expansion by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

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The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a significant pest of lodgepole pine in British Columbia (BC), where it has recently reached an unprecedented outbreak level. Although it is native to western North America, the beetle can now be viewed as a native invasive because for the first

Functions of mountain pine beetle cytochromes P450 CYP6DJ1, CYP6BW1 and CYP6BW3 in the oxidation of pine monoterpenes and diterpene resin acids.

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a forest insect pest that attacks several different pine (Pinus) species in its native range of distribution in western North America. MPB are exposed for most of their life cycle to the chemical defenses of their hosts. These defenses are

Larger Resin Ducts Are Linked to the Survival of Lodgepole Pine Trees During Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak.

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Periodic mountain pine beetle outbreaks have killed millions of hectares of lodgepole pine forests in western North America. Within these forests some pine trees often remain alive. It has been rarely documented whether anatomical defenses differ between beetle-killed and remaining live pine trees,

The legacy of attack: implications of high phloem resin monoterpene levels in lodgepole pines following mass attack by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins.

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The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is the most serious pest of pines (Pinus) in western North America. Host pines protect themselves from attack by producing a complex mixture of terpenes in their resin. We sampled lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta variety latifolia) phloem

Insect outbreaks produce distinctive carbon isotope signatures in defensive resins and fossiliferous ambers.

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Despite centuries of research addressing amber and its various inclusions, relatively little is known about the specific events having stimulated the production of geologically relevant volumes of plant resin, ultimately yielding amber deposits. Although numerous hypotheses have invoked the role of

Comparative transcriptomics of mountain pine beetle pheromone-biosynthetic tissues and functional analysis of CYP6DE3.

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is a highly destructive pest of pine forests in western North America. During flight to a new host tree and initiation of feeding, mountain pine beetles release aggregation pheromones. The biosynthetic pathways of these pheromones are

Modeling the dynamics of mountain pine beetle aggregation in a lodgepole pine stand.

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At least once a year the mountain pine beetle searches for lodgepole pines that provide a suitable habitat for a new brood. After attacking females feed, they produce an attractant pheromone that causes beetles to aggregate and, during outbreaks, to usually mass attack the "focus" tree. Near the

The cytochrome P450 CYP6DE1 catalyzes the conversion of α-pinene into the mountain pine beetle aggregation pheromone trans-verbenol.

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The recent outbreak of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) has affected over 20 M hectares of pine forests in western North America. During the colonization of host trees, female MPB release the aggregation pheromone (-)-trans-verbenol. (-)-trans-Verbenol is thought to be

Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle.

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Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently

Differences in defence responses of Pinus contorta and Pinus banksiana to the mountain pine beetle fungal associate Grosmannia clavigera are affected by water deficit.

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We tested the hypotheses that responses to the mountain pine beetle fungal associate Grosmannia clavigera will differ between the evolutionarily co-evolved host lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and the naïve host jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and that these responses will be influenced

Differential dispersal and the Allee effect create power-law behaviour: Distribution of spot infestations during mountain pine beetle outbreaks.

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Mountain pine beetles (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) are aggressive insects attacking Pinus host trees. Pines use defensive resin to overwhelm attackers, creating an Allee effect requiring beetles to attack en masse to successfully reproduce. MPB kill hosts, leaving observable, dying trees

Fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience.

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Fire frequency in low-elevation coniferous forests in western North America has greatly declined since the late 1800s. In many areas, this has increased tree density and the proportion of shade-tolerant species, reduced resource availability, and increased forest susceptibility to forest insect

Anatomical defences against bark beetles relate to degree of historical exposure between species and are allocated independently of chemical defences within trees.

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Conifers possess chemical and anatomical defences against tree-killing bark beetles that feed in their phloem. Resins accumulating at attack sites can delay and entomb beetles while toxins reach lethal levels. Trees with high concentrations of metabolites active against bark beetle-microbial

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses.

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Warming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically received only intermittent exposure to these tree-killing herbivores. Here we show that a dominant, relatively naïve, high-elevation species, whitebark pine, has inferior defenses against mountain

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