hyperinsulinism/protease

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Fasting hyperinsulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: relationship to body composition, gonadal function, and protease inhibitor use.

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Fat redistribution in the setting of protease inhibitor use is increasingly common and is associated with insulin resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, little is known regarding the factors that may contribute to abnormal insulin regulation in this population.

Mechanisms for the deterioration in glucose tolerance associated with HIV protease inhibitor regimens.

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The mechanisms responsible for the deterioration in glucose tolerance associated with protease inhibitor-containing regimens in HIV infection are unclear. Insulin resistance has been implicated as a major factor, but the affected tissues have not been identified. Furthermore, beta-cell function has

HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated partial lipodystrophy: clinicopathologic review of 14 cases.

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BACKGROUND A novel type of acquired partial lipodystrophy resulting from chronic treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitor drugs has recently been described. OBJECTIVE We studied the clinical and histopathologic features of a series of patients with HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy to

Fasting hyperinsulinemia and increased waist-to-hip ratios in non-wasting individuals with AIDS.

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OBJECTIVE To identify metabolic and body composition changes associated with HIV-1 infection in a cross-sectional study of individuals stratified by immunologic status and body mass. METHODS Metabolic abnormalities including glucose intolerance and changes in body morphology have recently been

Aberrant Corin and PCSK6 in Placentas of the Maternal Hyperinsulinemia IUGR Rat Model

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Objectives: Corin is a protease that converts pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to ANP. While the involvement of ANP in the cardiovascular regulation is well established, there is increasing evidence that the pregnant uterus produces ANP, which promotes

Human obesity and thinness, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance associated with HIV1 protease inhibitors. Prevention by alternating several antiproteases in short sequences.

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In 1997, and mainly in 1998 and 1999, a lipodystrophic syndrome with central obesity, peripheral fat loss, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin-resistant-diabetes II, was described as the most frequent manifestation of toxicity of HIV1 virostatic therapy, associated with protease inhibitors

Hyperinsulinemia is Associated with Increased Soluble Insulin Receptors Release from Hepatocytes.

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It has been generally assumed that insulin circulates freely in blood. However it can also interact with plasma proteins. Insulin receptors are located in the membrane of target cells and consist of an alpha and beta subunits with a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain. The ectodomain, called soluble

Designer adiponectin receptor agonist stabilizes metabolic function and prevents brain injury caused by HIV protease inhibitors.

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HIV protease inhibitors (PI) are fundamental to combination antiretroviral therapy, which has revolutionized HIV clinical care and produced significant reductions in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. However, PI administration is frequently associated with severe metabolic impairment,

Elevated adiponectin prevents HIV protease inhibitor toxicity and preserves cerebrovascular homeostasis in mice.

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HIV protease inhibitors are key components of HIV antiretroviral therapies, which are fundamental in the treatment of HIV infection. However, the protease inhibitors are well-known to induce metabolic dysfunction which can in turn escalate the complications of HIV, including HIV associated

Thrombin stimulates insulin secretion via protease-activated receptor-3.

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The disease mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain poorly defined. Here we aimed to explore the pathophysiology of T2D by analyzing gene co-expression networks in human islets. Using partial correlation networks we identified a group of co-expressed genes ('module') including F2RL2 that

Fasting hyperinsulinemia and changes in regional body composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.

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A novel lipodystrophy syndrome (characterized by insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and fat redistribution) has recently been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, investigation of the lipodystrophy syndrome has generally been limited to men; and a

Endocrine and metabolic evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with evidence of protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy.

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Multidrug antiretroviral regimens that include human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors are associated with distinct lipodystrophy, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and deposition of visceral abdominal adipose tissue. To determine whether these findings are related to

Inhibition of lipolysis improves insulin sensitivity in protease inhibitor-treated HIV-infected men with fat redistribution.

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BACKGROUND Fatty acid concentrations are increased in patients with HIV and fat redistribution and may contribute to insulin resistance in this population. OBJECTIVE We determined the effects of acute inhibition of lipolysis on insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution who

Synthetic protease inhibitor camostat prevents and reverses dyslipidemia, insulin secretory defects, and histological abnormalities of the pancreas in genetically obese and diabetic rats.

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BACKGROUND Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of type 2 diabetes, lacks the expression of cholecystokinin-1 receptor mRNA and exhibits inflammation and degeneration of the pancreas and eventually develops insulinopenic diabetes. Protease inhibitors are known to modulate

Hepatic insulin gene expression as treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by a lack of insulin that results from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. Severe diabetes, if not controlled by periodic insulin injections, can lead to ketoacidosis and death. We have previously shown that sustained low level production of

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