hyponatremia/carbohydrate

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Exercise-associated hyponatremia: the influence of pre-exercise carbohydrate status combined with high volume fluid intake on sodium concentrations and fluid balance.

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To evaluate the effect of hydration and carbohydrate (CHO) status on plasma sodium, fluid balance, and regulatory factors (IL-6 & ADH) during and after exercise; 10 males completed the following conditions: low CHO, euhydrated (fluid intake = sweat loss) (LCEH); low CHO, dehydrated (no fluid)

Hyponatremia is a Predictor of Clinical Outcome for Resected Biliary Tract Cancers: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

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Introduction: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) include both gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, both of which have a poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the main clinical prognostic factors in this setting and to assess

[Severe, symptomatic hyponatremia].

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Severe hyponatremia (serum sodium levels less than 120 mmol/l) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We report three cases where patients developed hyponatremia and severe neurological manifestations after medical treatment. The first two patients experienced episodes of general

The incidence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of hyponatremia in marathon runners.

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OBJECTIVE To report on the incidence, identify the risk factors, and clarify the clinical manifestations of acute hyponatremia in marathon runners. METHODS An observational and retrospective case-controlled series. METHODS The medical care area of the 2000 Houston Marathon. METHODS Marathon

Hyponatremia and antidiuresis syndrome.

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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is primarily regulated through plasma osmolarity, as well as non-osmotic stimuli including blood volume and stress. Links between water-electrolyte and carbohydrate metabolism have also been recently demonstrated. AVP acts via the

Maximising performance in triathlon: applied physiological and nutritional aspects of elite and non-elite competitions.

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Triathlon is a sport consisting of sequential swimming, cycling and running. The main diversity within the sport of triathlon resides in the varying event distances, which creates specific technical, physiological and nutritional considerations for athlete and practitioner alike. The purpose of this

[Enteral nutrition in patients with ileostomies and jejunostomies].

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Jejuno- and ileostomy are common surgical procedures. Due to shortening of effective bowel length intestinal failure, or short bowel syndrome develops. Degree of intestinal failure depends upon 1. resection length, 2. resection location, 3. function of the bowel remnant, stomach, pancreas and liver,

Electrolytes: Oral Electrolyte Solutions.

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Oral electrolyte solutions are used widely for rehydration in diarrheal illness and to maintain hydration during vigorous exercise. In diarrheal illness, an oral rehydration solution (ORS) typically is preferred over intravenous fluids except for patients with severe dehydration. The preferred ORS

Age and the endocrine system.

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The pattern of age-induced changes in each endocrine system is unique. Both hormone levels and target organ responsivity are altered in the aging endocrine-cardiovascular system. Serum levels of vasopressor hormones both increase (norepinephrine) and decrease (renin, aldosterone). Target organ

Adaptive decreases in amino acids (taurine in particular), creatine, and electrolytes prevent cerebral edema in chronically hyponatremic mice: rapid correction (experimental model of central pontine myelinolysis) causes dehydration and shrinkage of brain.

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The experimental model of central pontine myelinolysis--chronic (4-day) hyponatremia induced by daily injections of hypotonic dextrose solutions and vasopressin followed by rapid correction with saline--was used in young fasted and thirsted mice. In normal controls chronic fasting and thirsting

Acute intermittent porphyria: case report and review of the literature.

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Acute intermittent porphyria is an unusual pathology with potentially severe consequences when not early detected. Among the possible causes of porphyric crises decrease of caloric intake has been described. A case of acute intermittent porphyria in the late postoperative period of a bariatric

Sex differences in voluntary fluid intake by older adults during exercise.

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OBJECTIVE This study compared the voluntary fluid intake behavior of older men and women (54-70 yr) when provided cold, palatable beverages and ample opportunity to drink between repeated bouts of exercise in the heat. METHODS Thirteen men and 14 women performed four bouts of 15-min cycling at 65%

Neuropathic pain in a patient with porphyria. Case report.

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OBJECTIVE Porphyrias represent a group of inherited or acquired disorders that involve enzymes that participate in heme synthesis. Acute manifestations affect the nervous system resulting in abdominal pain, vomiting, acute neuropathy, seizures, and mental disorders. The physiopathogeny results from

[Hypophosphatemia and refeeding syndrome: a severe and underdiagnosed adverse effect].

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A 68-year-old woman was hospitalised because of generalised weakness and development of confusional state, related to severe hyponatremia, probably due to an eating disorder with malnutrition. During the first days of hospitalisation the patient eats surprising large amounts of food. The worsening

Plasma volume, electrolyte, and endocrine changes during onset of laminitis hypertension in horses.

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Acute laminitis-hypertension was produced by carbohydrate overloading of the gastrointestinal tract in 12 adult horses. Obel grade 3 (OG3) lameness developed 40 hours (+/- 3.5, SEM) after overfeeding. At OG3 lameness, mean plasma volume was significantly decreased (P less than 0.005) when compared

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