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omega-Agatoxin IVA blocks nicotinic receptor channels in bovine chromaffin cells.

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We have studied the contribution of P-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to both catacholamine (CA) and ATP secretion from bovine chromaffin cells induced by high K+ or nicotine using omega-agatoxin IVA, a selective blocker of P-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. We found that high K+ (75 mM)

Agatoxin-IVA-sensitive calcium channels mediate the presynaptic and postsynaptic nicotinic activation of cardiac vagal neurons.

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Whole cell currents and miniature glutamatergic synaptic events (minis) were recorded in vitro from cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus using the patch-clamp technique. We examined whether voltage-dependent calcium channels were involved in the nicotinic excitation of cardiac vagal

[Correlation between carbon-monoxide levels in exhaled air and nicotine-dependence measurements systems (DSM-IV, Fagerström test and ARU-SMQ-9) in adolescent smokers].

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OBJECTIVE If we are capable of 1) determining the correlation, in young smokers, between carbon-monoxide levels in exhaled air (CO) and carboxihemoblobine (COHb) (cooximetrically determined) and 2) adapting the versions of the nosologic criteria DSM-IV for nicotine-depencence (DSM-IVa), Fagerström

Modulation of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes by voltage-sensitive calcium channel ligands.

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The calcium channel subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes were probed with L-, N-, and P-type calcium channel ligands. Responses to nicotine were blocked by the peptides omega-conotoxin GVIA and omega-agatoxin IVA. The affinity constants for these

Invasion of the Arabidopsis genome by the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 is controlled by reversible transcriptional gene silencing.

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Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are generally silent in plant genomes. However, they often constitute a large proportion of repeated sequences in plants. This suggests that their silencing is set up after a certain copy number is reached and/or that it can be released in some

Prenatal and concurrent cocaine, alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco effects on adolescent cognition and attention.

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Prenatal cocaine/polydrug exposure (PCE) may increase vulnerability to substance use disorders due to associated cognitive deficits. We examined whether neurocognitive deficits in executive functions and attention observed in PCE children persisted to adolescence when compared to

Concomitant protein phosphorylation and endogenous acetylcholine release induced by nicotine: dependency on neuronal nicotinic receptors and desensitization.

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1. Nicotine stimulated two Ca(2+)-dependent processes in rat frontal cortex synaptosomes: the phosphorylation of an 80-kDa protein band and the release of endogenous ACh.3 Both effects were mediated by neuronal nAChRs and coincided with depolarization of the synaptosomal plasma membrane induced by

Active tobacco smoking and distant metastasis in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.

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OBJECTIVE Distant metastasis is the site of first relapse in approximately one-third of patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma, irrespective of human papillomavirus status. Yet the risk factors associated with distant metastasis are not well characterized. We sought to characterize

CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk in Relation to Tobacco Smoking.

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The impact of genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 on susceptibility to lung cancer has received particular attention since these enzymes play a central role in the activation of major classes of tobacco carcinogens. Several polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 locus have been identified

Responses to addiction help-seeking from Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana, and Bixby intelligent virtual assistants.

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We investigated how intelligent virtual assistants (IVA), including Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri, Google Assistant, Microsoft's Cortana, and Samsung's Bixby, responded to addiction help-seeking queries. We recorded if IVAs provided a singular response and if so, did they link users to treatment or

[A version of DSM-IV criteria adapted for adolescents and applied to young smokers].

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers using a version of DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence adapted for adolescents (DSM-IVa). To establish its usefulness and the most relevant items for diagnosing adolescent smokers. METHODS Two thousand six hundred forty-seven

Mode of action of atracotoxin at central and peripheral synapses of insects.

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These studies characterized the paralytic and neurophysiological effects of an atracotoxin (ACTX), from the Australian funnel web spider, Hadronyche versuta, and compared it to the established P/Q-type calcium channel blocker, omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA). ACTX-induced paralysis was of a

Molecular identification of cytosolic, patatin-related phospholipases A from Arabidopsis with potential functions in plant signal transduction.

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Rapid activation of phospholipase A (PLA) by auxin or plant-pathogen interaction suggests a function in signal transduction for this enzyme, but the molecular identification of a cytosolic PLA carrying out this function remains open. We isolated four cDNA sequences from Arabidopsis (ecotype

Impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer type worldwide, possibly due to the significant role of alcohol and tobacco use in its development. Underlying most cancers are defects in mitochondrial functions such as energy metabolism and apoptosis. In fact, the

Outcome of operable oral cavity cancer and impact of maintenance metronomic chemotherapy: A retrospective study from rural India.

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BACKGROUND Oral cavity cancer is the most common cancer among rural India. There is a paucity of data for outcomes of operable oral cavity cancer from rural India. Use of maintenance metronomic may delay or avoid relapse. OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes of operable oral cavity carcinoma and evaluate

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