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Advanced drug delivery of N-acetylcarnosine (N-acetyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidine), carcinine (beta-alanylhistamine) and L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) in targeting peptide compounds as pharmacological chaperones for use in tissue engineering, human disease management and therapy: from in vitro to the clinic.

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A pharmacological chaperone is a relatively new concept in the treatment of certain chronic disabling diseases. Cells maintain a complete set of functionally competent proteins normally and in the face of injury or environmental stress with the use of various mechanisms, including systems of

A review of phylogenetic and metabolic relationships between the acylamino acids, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and N-acetyl-L-histidine, in the vertebrate nervous system.

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N-Acetyl-L-histidine (NAH) and N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA) are major constituents of vertebrate brain and eye with distinct phylogenetic distributions. They are characterized by high tissue concentrations, high tissue/extracellular fluid gradients, and a continuous regulated efflux into the

D-histidine and L-histidine attenuate zinc-induced neuronal death in GT1-7 cells.

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Although zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element, excess Zn causes neuronal death following transient global ischemia and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of vascular-type dementia. In this study, we developed a rapid and convenient screening system for substances that prevent Zn-induced

Multiple sites of L-histidine decarboxylase expression in mouse suggest novel developmental functions for histamine.

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Histamine mediates many types of physiologic signals in multicellular organisms. To clarify the developmental role of histamine, we have examined the developmental expression of L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA and the production of histamine during mouse development. The predominant expression

Histidine and carnosine delay diabetic deterioration in mice and protect human low density lipoprotein against oxidation and glycation.

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In vivo effects of histidine and carnosine against diabetic deterioration in diabetic Balb/cA mice were studied. Histidine and carnosine at 0.5, 1 g/l were added into drinking water. After 4 weeks intake of these agents, the content of histidine and carnosine in plasma, heart and liver significantly

N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eyedrops possess all-in-one universal antioxidant protective effects of L-carnosine in aqueous and lipid membrane environments, aldehyde scavenging, and transglycation activities inherent to cataracts: a clinical study of the new vision-saving drug N-acetylcarnosine eyedrop therapy in a database population of over 50,500 patients.

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The antioxidant activity of L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine, bioactivated in ocular tissues) versus N-acetylcarnosine (N-acetyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidine, ocular-targeted small dipeptide molecules) was studied in aqueous solution and in a lipid environment, employing liposomes as a model of lipid

Interaction between noradrenergic and histamine-containing neurons in the rat vas deferens.

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A decussation of histamine (HA)-containing nervous pathways, at the level of the sympathetic ganglionic clusters of the rat vas deferens, was formerly described in this laboratory. This type of neuronal distribution is confirmed in the present study by using surgical interruptions of nervous

Nasal toxicity, carcinogenicity, and olfactory uptake of metals.

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Occupational exposures to inhalation of certain metal dusts or aerosols can cause loss of olfactory acuity, atrophy of the nasal mucosa, mucosal ulcers, perforated nasal septum, or sinonasal cancer. Anosmia and hyposmia have been observed in workers exposed to Ni- or Cd-containing dusts in alkaline

Antioxidant activity of L-carnosine, a natural histidine-containing dipeptide in crystalline lens.

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Lipid peroxidation was shown to be an initiatory cause of cataract development in some cases. It has been established that injection into the vitreous body of the rabbit eye of a suspension of liposomes prepared from phospholipids containing lipid peroxidation products induces the development of

Inhibition of superoxide dismutase selectively suppresses growth of rat spinal motor neurons: comparison with phosphorylated neurofilament-containing spinal neurons.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by selective degeneration of motor neurons. The reason why only motor neurons are targeted is unknown. Since ALS has been linked to mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), oxidative stress is regarded as a major cause of ALS. We

Insulin responsiveness of protein metabolism in vivo following bedrest in humans.

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To test the influence of bedrest on insulin regulation of leucine metabolism, six normal young men were subjected to a five-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp before and after 7 days of strict bedrest. A primed-constant infusion of [1-13C]leucine at 0.12 +/- 0.02 mumol.kg-1.min-1 was used.

Dual localization of histamine in an ascending neuronal pathway and in non-neuronal cells evidenced by lesions in the lateral hypothalamic area.

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The effects of lesions placed in the lateral hypothalamic area, i.e., interrupting the MFB (as evidenced by a 65% decrease in cortical noradrenaline and serotonin) suggest a pluricompartmentation of brain histamine (HA). The existence of an ascending histaminergic system is indicated by the

The intact central nervous system of the newborn opossum in long-term culture: fine structure and GABA-mediated inhibition of electrical activity.

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1. The entire central nervous system (CNS) of the newly born, South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica) was isolated and maintained in basal medium, Eagle's (BME) with 0.2% foetal calf serum and antibiotics. Isolated CNS preparations remained electrically excitable for up to 10 days. The fine

Carnosine and taurine treatments diminished brain oxidative stress and apoptosis in D-galactose aging model.

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D-galactose (GAL) has been used as an animal model for brain aging and antiaging studies. GAL stimulates oxidative stress in several tissues including brain. Carnosine (CAR; β-alanil-L-histidine) and taurine (TAU; 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) exhibit antioxidant properties. CAR and TAU have

Carnosine synthase deficiency is compatible with normal skeletal muscle and olfactory function but causes reduced olfactory sensitivity in aging mice

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Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine) are abundant peptides in the nervous system and skeletal muscle of many vertebrates. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that exogenously added carnosine can improve muscle contraction, has anti-oxidant activity

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