microcephaly/proline

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Developmental retardation, microcephaly, and peptiduria in mice without aminopeptidase P1.

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Cytosolic aminopeptidase P1 (APP1) is one of the three known mammalian aminopeptidase Ps (APPs) that cleave the N-terminal amino acid residue of peptides in which the penultimate amino acid is proline. In mammals, many biologically active peptides have a highly conserved N-terminal penultimate

PYCR2 Mutations cause a lethal syndrome of microcephaly and failure to thrive.

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A study was undertaken to characterize the clinical features of the newly described hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 10 with microcephaly. This is an autosomal recessive disorder mapped to chromosome 1q42.12 due to mutations in the PYCR2 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in proline synthesis in

Mutations in PYCR2, Encoding Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 2, Cause Microcephaly and Hypomyelination.

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Despite recent advances in understanding the genetic bases of microcephaly, a large number of cases of microcephaly remain unexplained, suggesting that many microcephaly syndromes and associated genes have yet to be identified. Here, we report mutations in PYCR2, which encodes an enzyme in the

Crystal structures of the CPAP/STIL complex reveal its role in centriole assembly and human microcephaly.

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Centrioles organise centrosomes and template cilia and flagella. Several centriole and centrosome proteins have been linked to microcephaly (MCPH), a neuro-developmental disease associated with small brain size. CPAP (MCPH6) and STIL (MCPH7) are required for centriole assembly, but it is unclear how

An N-terminal heterozygous missense CASK mutation is associated with microcephaly and bilateral retinal dystrophy plus optic nerve atrophy.

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Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene CASK are associated with mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) and ophthalmological disorders including optic nerve atrophy (ONA) and optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Recently, we have

Homozygous variants in pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) in patients with progressive microcephaly and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy.

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Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, encoded by PYCR2, is one of the three homologous enzymes that catalyze the last step of proline synthesis. Homozygous variants in PYCR2 have been reported in patients from multiple consanguineous families with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10) (MIM:

PRRT2 gene variant in a child with dysmorphic features, congenital microcephaly, and severe epileptic seizures: genotype-phenotype correlation?

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Mutations in Proline-rich Transmembrane Protein 2 (PRRT2) have been primarily associated with individuals presenting with infantile epilepsy, including benign familial infantile epilepsy, benign infantile epilepsy, and benign myoclonus of early infancy, and/or with dyskinetic paroxysms

A Ribosomopathy Reveals Decoding Defective Ribosomes Driving Human Dysmorphism.

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Ribosomal protein (RP) gene mutations, mostly associated with inherited or acquired bone marrow failure, are believed to drive disease by slowing the rate of protein synthesis. Here de novo missense mutations in the RPS23 gene, which codes for uS12, are reported in two unrelated individuals with

Maternal Phenylketonuria International Collaborative Study revisited: evaluation of maternal nutritional risk factors besides phenylalanine for fetal congenital heart defects.

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Maternal phenylketonuria (MPKU) is known to affect fetal outcome, often being associated with microcephaly and congenital heart defects (CHD) if the maternal diet is not appropriately managed. We hypothesized that other nutrients aside from phenylalanine (Phe) may have significant effects on fetal

Deficiency of dolichyl-P-Man:Man7GlcNAc2-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase causes congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ig.

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Deficiency of the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man):Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase leads to a new type of congenital disorder of glycosylation, designated type Ig. The patient 1 presented with a multisystemic disorder with microcephaly,

Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in TTI2 Cause Syndromic Intellectual Disability in a Chinese Family.

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Telomere maintenance 2 (TELO2)-interacting protein 2 (TTI2) interacts with TTI1 and TELO2 to form the Triple T complex, which is required for various cellular processes, including the double-strand DNA break response, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and telomerase assembly. Herein, we identified

Tremor as an early sign of hereditary spastic paraplegia due to mutations in ALDH18A1

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Background: The ALDH18A1 gene is located at 10q24.1 and encodes delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), a mitochondrial bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in de novo biosynthesis of proline, ornithine,

Loss of kinase activity in a patient with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the EIF2AK3 gene.

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Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal or early infancy type 1 diabetes, epiphyseal dysplasia, and growth retardation. Mutations in the EIF2AK3 gene, encoding the eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha-kinase 3 (EIF2AK3), have been found in WRS

Two Cockayne Syndrome patients with a novel splice site mutation - clinical and metabolic analyses.

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Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which leads to neurodegeneration, growth failure and premature aging. Most of the cases are due to mutations in the ERCC6 gene, which encodes the protein CSB. CSB is involved in several functions including DNA repair and transcription.

ZMIZ1 Variants Cause a Syndromic Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

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ZMIZ1 is a coactivator of several transcription factors, including p53, the androgen receptor, and NOTCH1. Here, we report 19 subjects with intellectual disability and developmental delay carrying variants in ZMIZ1. The associated features include growth failure, feeding difficulties, microcephaly,

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